Oswald Spengler Zitate

Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler war ein deutscher Geschichtsphilosoph, Kulturhistoriker und antidemokratischer politischer Schriftsteller.

In seinem Hauptwerk Der Untergang des Abendlandes richtet sich Spengler gegen eine lineare Geschichtsschreibung, welche die Geschichte „der Menschheit“ als Geschichte des Fortschritts erzählt. Stattdessen vertritt er die Zyklentheorie, dass Kulturen immer wieder neu entstehen, eine Blütezeit erleben und nach dieser Vollendung untergehen. Er begreift Kulturen als eindeutig abgrenzbare, quasi-organische Gebilde mit einer Lebensdauer von etwa 1.000 Jahren und mit jeweils ganz charakteristischen, das Denken und Handeln der Individuen prägenden Eigenschaften. Der Titel des Werkes behauptet, dass die „Kultur des Abendlandes“ im Untergang begriffen sei.

Spengler wird zur nationalistischen und antidemokratischen „Konservativen Revolution“ gerechnet, lehnte aber den Nationalsozialismus und namentlich dessen Rassenideologie scharf ab. Sein Ideal sah er eher in Benito Mussolini, dem Diktator des faschistischen Italien verwirklicht.

Spengler hat zwar im Urteil einiger Zeitgenossen Entwicklungen seiner Zeit richtig vorausgesagt und andere Geschichtswissenschaftler stark beeinflusst, darunter Franz Borkenau und vor allem Arnold J. Toynbee, aber sein Werk ist für die heutige Geschichtswissenschaft nicht grundlegend.

✵ 29. Mai 1880 – 8. Mai 1936
Oswald Spengler Foto

Werk

Oswald Spengler: 70   Zitate 32   Gefällt mir

Oswald Spengler Berühmte Zitate

„Optimismus ist Feigheit.“

Der Mensch und die Technik

„Durch das Geld vernichtet die Demokratie sich selbst, nachdem das Geld den Geist vernichtet hat.“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes, Zweiter Band, S. 582,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Zweiter Band: Welthistorische Perspektiven (1922)

„Wer Gott definiert, ist schon Atheist.“

Gedanken; von der Religion

„Der Krieg ist der Schöpfer aller großen Dinge. Alles Bedeutende im Strom des Lebens ist durch Sieg und Niederlage entstanden.“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes, Zweiter Band, S. 448,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Zweiter Band: Welthistorische Perspektiven (1922)

Oswald Spengler zitat: „Der Wille bestimmt die Bewegung.“

„Der Wille bestimmt die Bewegung.“

Urfragen. Fragmente aus dem Nachlass

Zitate über Leben von Oswald Spengler

„Leben ist Tun und Leiden. Je wissender ein Mensch, desto tiefer sein seelisches Leid.“

Gedanken, C. H. Beck, München 1941, S. 29, books.google.de https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&id=rfgYAAAAYAAJ&d=%22desto+tiefer+sein+seelisches+Leid.%22
Andere Werke

„Wenn ich mein Leben betrachte, ist es ein Gefühl das alles, alles beherrscht hat: Angst. Angst vor der Zukunft, Angst vor Verwandten, Angst vor Menschen, vor Schlaf, vor Behörden, v. Gewitter, v. Krieg, Angst, Angst.“

Ich beneide jeden, der lebt. Die Aufzeichnungen »Eis heauton« aus dem Nachlaß. Düsseldorf: Lilienfeld Verlag 2007. ISBN 978-3-940357-02-1, Abschnitt 78, S. 51
Andere Werke

„[…] der Kampf ist die Urtatsache des Lebens, ist das Leben selbst, und es gelingt auch dem jämmerlichsten Pazifisten nicht, die Lust daran in seiner Seele ganz auszurotten.“

Jahre der Entscheidung, C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München 1933, S. 14,
Jahre der Entscheidung (1933)

Zitate über Menschen von Oswald Spengler

„Denn der Mensch ist ein Raubtier.“

Der Mensch und die Technik, C. H. Beck, München 1931, S. 14,
Der Mensch und die Technik (1931)

„Der kultivierte Mensch hat seine Energie nach innen, der zivilisierte nach außen.“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes. Erster Band, S. 52,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Erster Band: Gestalt und Wirklichkeit (1918)

Oswald Spengler Zitate und Sprüche

„Hand und Geist sind zarteste und mächtigste Waffe.“

Urfragen. Fragmente aus dem Nachlass

„.. an der Wirklichkeit der Geschichte, scheitert jede Ideologie.“

Jahre der Entscheidung 1: Deutschland und die Weltgeschichtliche Entwicklung

„Der Geist denkt, das Geld lenkt: […].“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes, Zweiter Band, S. 502,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Zweiter Band: Welthistorische Perspektiven (1922)

„Hochkultur ist Stadtkultur.“

Urfragen. Fragmente aus dem Nachlass

„Methode ist List.“

Urfragen. Fragmente aus dem Nachlass

„Starker Intellekt lässt den Instinkt verkümmern.“

Urfragen. Fragmente aus dem Nachlass

„Was anzieht, will erobert, was abstößt, vernichtet sein.“

Urfragen. Fragmente aus dem Nachlass

„Es gibt heute kein zweites Volk, das des Führers so bedürftig ist, um etwas zu sein, um auch nur an sich glauben zu können, aber auch keines, das einem großen Führer so viel sein kann.“

Vom deutschen Volkscharakter, 1927, in: Reden und Aufsätze. München 1937, S. 133. www.zeno.org http://www.zeno.org/nid/20009271597
Andere Werke

„Einst durfte man nicht wagen, frei zu denken; jetzt darf man es, aber man kann es nicht mehr. Man will nur noch denken, was man wollen soll, und eben das empfindet man als seine Freiheit.“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes, Zweiter Band, S. 580,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Zweiter Band: Welthistorische Perspektiven (1922)

„Die Zivilisation ist das unausweichliche Schicksal einer Kultur.“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes. Erster Band, S. 43,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Erster Band: Gestalt und Wirklichkeit (1918)

„Allgemeingültigkeit ist immer der Fehlschluß von sich auf andere.“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes. Erster Band, S. 32,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Erster Band: Gestalt und Wirklichkeit (1918)

„Einen langen Krieg ertragen wenige, ohne seelisch zu verderben; einen langen Frieden erträgt niemand.“

Jahre der Entscheidung, C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München 1933, S. 10,
Jahre der Entscheidung (1933)

„Aber „die Menschheit” hat kein Ziel, keine Idee, keinen Plan, so wenig die Gattung der Schmetterlinge oder der Orchideen ein Ziel hat. „Die Menschheit” ist ein leeres Wort.“

Der Untergang des Abendlandes. Erster Band, S. 28,
Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918/1922), Erster Band: Gestalt und Wirklichkeit (1918)

Oswald Spengler: Zitate auf Englisch

“The press today is an army with carefully organized weapons, the journalists its officers, the readers its soldiers. The reader neither knows nor is supposed to know the purposes for which he is used and the role he is to play.”

Oswald Spengler buch Der Untergang des Abendlandes

The Decline of the West (1918, 1923)
Kontext: The press to-day is an army with carefully organized arms and branches, with journalists as officers, and readers as soldiers. But here, as in every army, the soldier obeys blindly, and war-aims and operation-plans change without his knowledge. The reader neither knows, nor is allowed to know, the purposes for which he is used, nor even the role that he is to play. A more appalling caricature of freedom of thought cannot be imagined. Formerly a man did not dare to think freely. Now he dares, but cannot; his will to think is only a willingness to think to order, and this is what he feels as his liberty.

“p>To the new International that is now in the irreversible process of preparation we can contribute the ideas of worldwide organization and the world state; the English can suggest the idea of worldwide exploitation and trusts; the French can offer nothing….
Thus we find two great economic principles opposed to each other in the modern world. The Viking has become a free-tradesman; the Teutonic knight is now an administrative official. There can be no reconciliation. Each of these principles is proclaimed by a German people, Faustian men par excellence. Neither can accept a restriction of its will, and neither can be satisfied until the whole world has succumbed to its particular idea. This being the case, war will be waged until one side gains final victory. Is world economy to be worldwide exploitation, or worldwide organization? Are the Caesars of the coming empire to be billionaires or universal administrators? Shall the population of the earth, so long as this empire of Faustian civilization holds together, be subjected to cartels and trusts, or to men such as those envisioned in the closing pages of Goethe’s Faust, Part II? Truly, the destiny of the world is at stake….
This brings us to the political aspects of the English-Prussian antithesis. Politics is the highest and most powerful dimension of all historical existence. World history is the history of states; the history of states is the history of wars. Ideas, when they press for decisions, assume the form of political units: countries, peoples, or parties. They must be fought over not with words but with weapons. Economic warfare becomes military warfare between countries or within countries. Religious associations such as Jewry and Islam, Huguenots and Mormons, constitute themselves as countries when it becomes a matter of their continued existence or their success. Everything that proceeds from the innermost soul to become flesh or fleshly creation demands a sacrifice of flesh in return. Ideas that have become blood demand blood. War is the eternal pattern of higher human existence, and countries exist for war’s sake; they are signs of readiness for war. And even if a tired and blood-drained humanity desired to do away with war, like the citizens of the Classical world during its final centuries, like the Indians and Chinese of today, it would merely exchange its role of war-wager for that of the object about and with which others would wage war. Even if a Faustian universal harmony could be attained, masterful types on the order of late Roman, late Chinese, or late Egyptian Caesars would battle each other for this Empire—for the possession of it, if its final form were capitalistic; or for the highest rank in it, if it should become socialistic.”

Prussianism and Socialism (1919)

“If by "democracy" we mean the form which the Third Estate as such wishes to impart to public life as a whole, it must be concluded that democracy and plutocracy are the same thing under the two aspects of wish and actuality, theory and practice, knowing and doing. It is the tragic comedy of the world‑ improvers' and freedom‑ teachers' desperate fight against money that they are ipso facto assisting money to be effective. Respect for the big number—expressed in the principles of equality for all, natural rights, and universal suffrage—is just as much a class‑ ideal of the unclassed as freedom of public opinion (and more particularly freedom of the press) is so. These are ideals, but in actuality the freedom of public opinion involves the preparation of public opinion, which costs money; and the freedom of the press brings with it the question of possession of the press, which again is a matter of money; and with the franchise comes electioneering, in which he who pays the piper calls the tune. The representatives of the ideas look at one side only, while the representatives of money operate with the other. The concepts of Liberalism and Socialism are set in effective motion only by money. … There is no proletarian, not even a Communist movement, that has not operated in the interests of money, and for the time being permitted by money—and that without the idealists among its leaders having the slightest suspicion of the fact.”

Oswald Spengler buch Der Untergang des Abendlandes

Quelle: Vol. II, Alfred A. Knopf, 1928, pp. 401–02 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49906/page/n893/mode/2up
Der Untergang des Abendlandes, Welthistorische Perspektiven (1922)
The Decline of the West (1918, 1923)

“What is truth? For the multitude, that which it continually reads and hears.”

Quelle: The Decline of the West, Vol 2: Perspectives of World History

“And at that point, too, in Buddhist India as in Babylon, in Rome as in our own cities, a man's choice of the woman who is to be, not mother of his children as amongst peasants and primitives, but his own "companion for life", becomes a problem of mentalities. The Ibsen marriage appears, the "higher spiritual affinity" in which both parties are "free"—free, that is, as intelligences, free from the plantlike urge of the blood to continue itself, and it becomes possible for a Shaw to say "that unless Woman repudiates her womanliness, her duty to her husband, to her children, to society, to the law, and to everyone but herself, she cannot emancipate herself." The primary woman, the peasant woman, is mother. The whole vocation towards which she has yearned from childhood is included in that one word. But now emerges the Ibsen woman, the comrade, the heroine of a whole megalopolitan literature from Northern drama to Parisian novel. Instead of children, she has soul-conflicts; marriage is a craft-art for the achievement of "mutual understanding"….
At this level all Civilizations enter upon a stage, which lasts for centuries, of appalling depopulation. The whole pyramid of cultural man vanishes. It crumbles from the summit, first the world-cities, then the provincial forms, and finally the land itself, whose best blood has incontinently poured into the towns, merely to bolster them up awhile. At the last, only the primitive blood remains, alive, but robbed of its strongest and most promising elements. This residue is the Fellah type.
If anything has demonstrated the fact that Causality has nothing to do with history, it is the familiar "decline" of the Classical, which accomplished itself long before the irruption of Germanic migrants. The Imperium enjoyed the completest peace; it was rich and highly developed; it was well organized; and it possessed in its emperors from Nerva to Marcus Aurelius a series of rulers such as the Caesarism of no other Civilization can show. And yet the population dwindled, quickly and wholesale. The desperate marriage-and-children laws of Augustus—amongst them the Lex de maritandis ordinibus, which dismayed Roman society more than the destruction of Varus's legions—the wholesale adoptions, the incessant plantation of soldiers of barbarian origin to fill the depleted country-side, the immense food-charities of Nerva and Trajan for the children of poor parents—nothing availed to check the process.”

Oswald Spengler buch Der Untergang des Abendlandes

Vol. II, Alfred A. Knopf, 1928, pp. 104–06 https://archive.org/stream/Decline-Of-The-West-Oswald-Spengler/Decline_Of_The_West#page/n573/mode/2up/search/depopulation
The Decline of the West (1918, 1923)

“p>It is the heritage of anguished centuries, and it distinguishes us from all other people—us, the youngest and last people of our culture.”

...
<p>At the end of the [eighteenth] century Spain had long ceased to be a great power, and France was on the way to following her example. Both were old and exhausted nations, proud but weary, looking towards the past, but lacking the true ambition—which is to be strictly differentiated from jealousy—to continue to play a creative part in the future. [The end of the eighteenth century is the time of the French Revolution, which was all about equal rights.] ... "Equal rights" are contrary to nature, are an indication of the departure from type of ageing societies, are the beginning of their irrevocable decline. It is a piece of intellectual stupidity to want to substitute something else for the social structure that has grown up through the centuries and is fortified by tradition. There is no substituting anything else for Life. After Life there is only Death.
<p>And that, at bottom, is the intention. We do not seek to alter and improve, but to destroy. In every society degenerate elements sink constantly to the bottom: exhausted families, downfallen members of generations of high breed, spiritual and physical failures and inferiors. ...
There is but one end to all the conflict, and that is death—the death of individuals, of peoples, of cultures. Our own death still lies far ahead of us in the murky darkness of the next thousand years. We Germans, situated as we are in this century, bound by our inborn instincts to the destiny of Faustian civilization, have within ourselves rich and untapped resources, but immense obligations as well. ... The true International is imperialism, domination of Faustian civilization, i.e., of the whole earth, by a single formative principle, not by appeasement and compromise but by conquest and annihilation.
Prussianism and Socialism (1919)

“p>Romanticism is no sign of powerful instincts, but, on the contrary, of a weak, self-detesting intellect. They are all infantile, these Romantics; men who remain children too long (or for ever), without the strength to criticize themselves, but with perpetual inhibitions arising from the obscure awareness of their own personal weakness; who are impelled by the morbid idea of reforming society, which is to them too masculine, too healthy, too sober.”

...</p>
<p>And these same everlasting "Youths" are with us again today, immature, destitute of the slightest experience or even real desire for experience, but writing and talking away about politics, fired by uniforms and badges, and clinging fantastically to some theory or other. There is a social Romanticism of sentimental Communists, a political Romanticism which regards election figures and the intoxication of mass-meeting oratory as deeds, and an economic Romanticism which trickles out from behind the gold theories of sick minds that know nothing of the inner forms of modern economics. They can only feel in the mass, where they can deaden the dull sense of their weakness by multiplying themselves. And this they call the Overcoming of Individualism.</p>
The Hour of Decision (1933)

“Optimism is cowardice.”

Oswald Spengler buch Der Mensch und die Technik

Man and Technics (1931)

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