Mahátma Gándhí Berühmte Zitate
Dieser als Ausspruch Gandhis verbreitete Satz geht zurück auf eine Rede des US-Gewerkschafters Nicholas Klein auf dem Gewerkschaftstag 1918 der Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America:
„Und, liebe Freunde, in dieser Geschichte findet ihr die Historie unserer gesamten Bewegung wieder: Zuerst ignorieren sie dich. Dann machen sie dich lächerlich. Dann greifen sie dich an und wollen dich verbrennen. Und dann errichten sie dir Denkmäler. Und das ist genau das, was den vereinigten Arbeitern der Bekleidungsindustrie Amerikas passieren wird.“ - Jungle World, 20. Oktober 2011 https://jungle.world/artikel/2011/42/gandhi-ist-immer-gut.
"And, my friends, in this story you have a history of this entire movement. First they ignore you. Then they ridicule you. And then they attack you and want to burn you. And then they build monuments to you. And that is what is going to happen to the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America." - Proceedings of the Third Biennial Convention of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (1918) p. 53 http://books.google.de/books?id=QrcpAAAAYAAJ&dq=ignore
Fälschlich zugeschrieben
„Das Volk ergreift man nicht mit dem Verstand, sondern mit dem Herzen.“
zitiert in: „Denkverbot, was Religion bedeutet.“, zitiert nach Hubertus Mynarek, „Gedanken zur Logik der Macht“, aus: „Aufklärung und Kritik“ 1/1998, S. 27 ff.
Mahátma Gándhí Zitate und Sprüche
Ausgewählte Texte, Hrsg. von Richard Attenborough, Goldmann Verlag, 1989, ISBN 3442065771
("Nonviolence is ‘not a resignation from all real fighting against wickedness’. On the contrary, the nonviolence of my conception is a more active and real fight against wickedness than retaliation whose very nature is to increase wickedness." - Young India October 8, 1925 http://books.google.de/books?id=dstUBU3bo4gC&pg=PA33, http://www.mkgandhi.org/nonviolence/gstruggle.htm
In Sevagram - Gandhiji's ashram and other institutions in Wardha (1969) von R.V. Rao heißt es, Gandhi habe in seinen dortigen Räumen neben einem Zitat von John Ruskin über die Lüge ein weiteres von "G.C. Larimer" ausgestellt: "When you are in the right you can afford to keep your temper and when you are in the wrong, you can't afford to lose it", p. 6 books.google http://books.google.de/books?id=Djw2AAAAIAAJ&q=larimer.
Tatsächlich findet sich das Zitat in George Horace Lorimers ab 1901/02 in zahlreichen Auflagen veröffentlichten Letters from A Self-Made Merchant To His Son, Being the Letters written by John Graham, Head of the House of Graham & Company, Pork-Packers in Chicago, [...] to his Son, Pierrepont [...], No. 7: Omaha September 1st, 189-, en.wikisource https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letters_from_a_Self-Made_Merchant_to_His_Son/Letter_7#81, gutenberg.org http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21959/21959-h/21959-h.htm & p. 83 archive.org https://archive.org/stream/lettersfromasel01lorigoog#page/n106/mode/2up.
Schon am 1. März 1958 hatte The Saturday Evening Post den Artikel What Negroes Can Learn From Gandhi von Chester Bowles veröffentlicht, in dem es ohne Bezug auf Lorimer, den früheren Chefredakteur und Herausgeber der Post, heißt: "On the wall over Gandhi's simple bed hung a sign: 'When you are in the right you can afford to keep your temper; and when you are wrong you cannot afford to lose it'", http://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/negroes&g.htm.
Fälschlich zugeschrieben
nach Hubertus Mynarek, „Gedanken zur Logik der Macht“, aus: „Aufklärung und Kritik“ 1/1998 http://www.gkpn.de/id142.htm, S. 27 ff.
("To see the universal and all-pervading Spirit of Truth face to face one must be able to love the meanest of creation as oneself. And a man who aspires after that cannot afford to keep out of any field of life. That is why my devotion to Truth has drawn me into the field of politics; and I can say without the slightest hesitation, and yet in all humility, that those who say that religion has nothing to do with politics do not know what religion means." - An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Originaltitel: Sathiya Sodhani. Übersetzung aus dem Gujarati von Mahadev Desai. Schlusskapitel: Farewell .mkgandhi.org http://www.mkgandhi.org/autobio/chap168.htm
Young India, 14.10.1924; zitiert in: The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations; Timothy R. Jennings, Ein gesunder Geist: Wie erlangen wir ihn, Advent-Verlag, S. 22
"Attribution of omnipotence to reason is as bad a piece of idolatry as is worship of stock and stone believing it to be God. [...] I plead not for the suppression of reason, but for a due recognition of that in us which sanctifies reason itself." - in: Young India Oct. 14, 1926 http://books.google.de/books?id=ZHjjAAAAMAAJ&q=despising. p. 359 http://books.google.de/books?id=ZHjjAAAAMAAJ&q=idolatry
Mahátma Gándhí: Zitate auf Englisch
In conversation, attributed by James E. McEldowney http://people.virginia.edu/~pm9k/jem/words/gandhi.html
Posthumous publications (1950s and later)
Young India (13 July 1924), reprinted in Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 24, New Delhi, 1967, p. 476.
1920s
Young India (13 June 1929); also in All Men Are Brothers: Autobiographical Reflections (2005) edited by Krishna Kripalani, p. 163
1920s
“Hate the sin and love the sinner.”
This is variant of a traditional Christian proverb; ie: "Hate the sin, but love the sinner" in Sermons, Lectures, and Occasional Discourses (1828) Edward Irving http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VwUeH-wTxZ8C&pg=PA132, and similar expressions date to those of Augustine of Hippo: "Love the sinner and hate the sin." Gandhi did express approval of such sentiments in his An Autobiography (1927): "Hate the sin and not the sinner" is a precept which, though easy enough to understand, is rarely practiced, and that is why the poison of hatred spreads in the world.
Misattributed
“Always believe in your dreams, because if you don't, you'll still have hope.”
Young India (23 March 1924)
1920s
Part I, Chapter 17, Experiments in Dietetics
1920s, An Autobiography (1927)
“Truth never damages a cause that is just.”
Non-Violence in Peace and War (1948); also in Gandhi on Non-violence: Selected Texts from Mohandas K. Gandhi's Non-Violence in Peace and War (1965) edited by Thomas Merton Google Books link http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AIrLed2w1lkC ISBN 0811200973
1940s
‘Harijan’, English weekly, Poona, founded by M.K. Gandhi, dated May 11, 1935
1930s
Part I, Chapter 5, At the High School
1920s, An Autobiography (1927)
“It is not possible to make a person or society non-violent by compulsion.”
Young India (13 September 1928). All Men Are Brothers: Autobiographical Reflections, compiled and edited by Krishna Kripalani, The Continuum, (2011) p. 34
1920s
From a leaflet urging Indians to serve with the British Army in World War I, Part V, Chapter 27, Recruiting Campaign
1920s, An Autobiography (1927)
"Generalisation", from Harijan (6 July 1940). Quoted in Teachings of Mahatma Gandhi (1945), edited by Jag Parvesh Chander, Indian Printing Works, pages 243-244 http://archive.org/stream/teachingsofmahat029222mbp#page/n247.
1940s
Part I, Chapter 17, Experiments in Dietetics
1920s, An Autobiography (1927)
“First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.”
Describing the stages of a winning strategy of nonviolent activism. There is no record of Gandhi saying this. A close variant of the quotation first appears in a 1918 US trade union address by Nicholas Klein:
:* And, my friends, in this story you have a history of this entire movement. First they ignore you. Then they ridicule you. And then they attack you and want to burn you. And then they build monuments to you. And that, is what is going to happen to the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America.
::* Proceedings of the Third Biennial Convention of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (1918), p. 53 http://books.google.com/books?id=QrcpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA53&dq=%22First+they+ignore+you%22
In Freedom's Battle (1922), Gandhi wrote this:
:* Unfortunately for His Excellency the movement is likely to grow with ridicule as it is certain to flourish on repression. No vital movement can be killed except by the impatience, ignorance or laziness of its authors. A movement cannot be 'insane' that is conducted by men of action as I claim the members of the Non-co-operation Committee are. … Ridicule is like repression. Both give place to respect when they fail to produce the intended effect. … It will be admitted that non-co-operation has passed the stage [of] ridicule. Whether it will now be met by repression or respect remains to be seen. … But the testing time has now arrived. In a civilized country when ridicule fails to kill a movement it begins to command respect.
::* Source: The Project Gutenberg EBook of Freedom's Battle, 2nd edition, by Mahatma Gandhi, 1922 http://www.gutenberg.net/1/0/3/6/10366/10366-h/10366-h.htm
Misattributed
The Dairy of Mahadev Desai, (June 4, 1932) p. 149
1930s
“No action which is not voluntary can be called moral.”
Ethical Religion, S. Ganesan, Madras (1922) p. 8
1920s
Prof. Michael N. Nagler in his foreword to Gandhi the Man (1978) by Eknath Easwaran, p. 8 http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=v_hpUlMRjWsC&pg=PA8&dq=%22As+human+beings,+our+greatness+lies%22
Misattributed
Non-Violence in Peace and War p. 254 http://books.google.com/books?id=F3ofAAAAIAAJ&q=%22cloak+of%22&pg=PA254 (1948); also in Gandhi on Non-violence: Selected Texts from Mohandas K. Gandhi's Non-Violence in Peace and War (1965) edited by Thomas Merton; this has also appeared in paraphrased form as "if there is violence in our hearts."
1940s
Earliest instance of this quote found on google books is the 1989 book Forest primeval: the natural history of an ancient forest by Chris Maser, but there it appears to be Maser's own thought (see p. 230 http://books.google.com/books?id=8EAHQM54E5gC&q=%a+mirror% followed by a different supposed Gandhi quote http://books.google.com/books?id=8EAHQM54E5gC&q=gandhi).
Disputed
During his time in South Africa from The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Government of India (CWMG), Vol I, p. 150
1900s
Part I, Chapter 10, Glimpses of Religion
1920s, An Autobiography (1927)
Harijan, (Nov. 1. 1936). M.K. Gandhi, Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol-62, New Delhi: Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India (1975) p. 92
1920s, An Autobiography (1927)
http://www.mkgandhi.org/g_communal/chap17.htm
Posthumous publications (1950s and later)
Part I, Chapter 21, 'Nirbal Ke Bala Rama'
1920s, An Autobiography (1927)
Harijan (22 June 1940), after Nazi victories resulting in the occupation of France.
1940s
“The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.”
"Interview to the Press" in Karachi about the execution of Bhagat Singh (23 March 1931); published in Young India (2 April 1931), reprinted in Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi Online Vol. 51. Gandhi begins by making a statement on his failure "to bring about the commutation of the death sentence of Bhagat Singh and his friends." He is asked two questions. First: "Do you not think it impolitic to forgive a government which has been guilty of a thousand murders?" Gandhi replies: "I do not know a single instance where forgiveness has been found so wanting as to be impolitic." In a follow-up question, Gandhi is asked: "But no country has ever shown such forgiveness as India is showing to Britain?" Gandhi replies: "That does not affect my reply. What is true of individuals is true of nations. One cannot forgive too much. The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong."
1930s
Comments on a court case in The Indian Opinion (25 March 1905)
1900s
“Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed.”
Opening words of his defense speech at his trial Young India (23 March 1922)
1920s
