Geburtstag: 23. Mai 1707
Todesdatum: 10. Januar 1778
Carl von Linné war ein schwedischer Naturforscher, der mit der binären Nomenklatur die Grundlagen der modernen botanischen und zoologischen Taxonomie schuf. Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenkürzel lautet „L.“. In der Zoologie werden „Linnaeus“, „Linné“ und „Linnæus“ als Autorennamen verwendet.
Linné setzte sich als Student in seinem Manuskript Praeludia Sponsaliorum Plantarum mit der noch neuen Idee von der Sexualität der Pflanzen auseinander und legte mit diesen Überlegungen den Grundstein für sein späteres Wirken. Während seines Aufenthaltes in Holland entwickelte er in Schriften wie Systema Naturae, Fundamenta Botanica, Critica Botanica und Genera Plantarum die theoretischen Grundlagen seines Schaffens. Während seiner Tätigkeit für George Clifford in Hartekamp konnte Linné zum ersten Mal viele seltene Pflanzen direkt studieren und schuf mit Hortus Cliffortianus das erste nach seinen Prinzipien geordnete Pflanzenverzeichnis. Nach der Rückkehr aus dem Ausland arbeitete Linné für kurze Zeit als Arzt in Stockholm. Er gehörte hier zu den Gründern der Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und war deren erster Präsident. Mehrere Expeditionen führten ihn durch die Provinzen seiner schwedischen Heimat und trugen zu seiner Anerkennung bei.
Ende 1741 wurde Linné Professor an der Universität Uppsala und neun Jahre später deren Rektor. In Uppsala führte er seine enzyklopädischen Anstrengungen weiter, alle bekannten Mineralien, Pflanzen und Tiere zu beschreiben und zu ordnen. Seine beiden Werke Species Plantarum und Systema Naturæ begründeten die bis heute verwendete wissenschaftliche Nomenklatur in der Botanik und der Zoologie. Wikipedia
— Carl Von Linné, buch Philosophia Botanica
Philosophia Botanica, Stockholm 1751. Nr. 77 books.google p. 27 http://books.google.de/books?id=sU0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA27; zitiert nach faunistik.net http://www.faunistik.net/BSWT/_GESCHICHTE/k_5.html
Original latein.: "Natura non facit saltus. Plantae omnes utrinque affinitatem monstrant, uti Territorium in Mappa geographica."
Philosophia Botanica (1751)
— Carl Von Linné, buch Systema Naturae
Michael Crichton: Jurassic Park. Deutsch von Klaus Berr. Leseprobe bucher.de pdf http://bilder.buecher.de/zusatz/20/20943/20943270_lese_1.pdf
Systema naturae (1735-1766)
„Die Steine wachsen, die Pflanzen wachsen und leben, die Tiere wachsen, leben und empfinden.“
— Carl Von Linné, buch Systema Naturae
(Original latein.: '"Lapides crescunt. Vegetabilia crescunt & vivunt. Animalia crescunt, vivunt & sentiunt.") - Systema naturae, sive, Regna tria naturae systematice proposita per classes, ordines, genera, & species. (1735) Observationes in regna III. naturae. Observatio 15 http://193.10.12.180/KBDigitalaSamlingar/showlarge.aspx?reginaid=2408837&page=6&width=1024&height=768
"Steine: massive Körper, weder lebend noch empfindend. Pflanzen: organisierte Körper und lebend, nicht empfindend. Tiere: organisierte Körper, lebend und empfindend, sich spontan bewegend."
Original latein.: "Lapides corpora congesta, nec viva, nec sentientia. Vegetabilia corp. organisata & viva, non sentientia. Animalia corp.organisata, viva & sentientia, sponteque se moventia." - Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Editio decima, reformata. Stockholm 1758. archive.org S. 6 http://archive.org/stream/carolilinnaeisy00gesegoog#page/n17. Editio duodecima, reformata. Stockholm 1766. p. 11/12 books.google http://books.google.de/books?id=siAOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA12
Systema naturae (1735-1766)
„If the names are unknown knowledge of the things also perishes.“
— Carl Linnaeus, buch Philosophia Botanica
Philosophia Botanica (1751), aphorism 210. Trans. Frans A. Stafleu, Linnaeus and the Linnaeans: The Spreading of their Ideas in Systematic Botany, 1735-1789 (1971), 80.
„Great is our God, and great is His power, and his strength is immeasurable“
— Carl Linnaeus, buch Systema Naturae
In the dedication from his 12th edition.
Original in Latin: "Magnus est DEUS noster, & magna est potentia Ejus, & potentia Ejus non est numerus."
Systema Naturae
„I have been not been able to discover any character by which man can be distinguished from the ape“
Fauna Suecica (1746) as quoted by Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Sudden Origins: Fossils, Genes, and the Emergence of Species (1999)
Kontext: As a natural historian according to the principles of science, up to the present time I have been not been able to discover any character by which man can be distinguished from the ape; for there are somewhere apes which are less hairy than man, erect in position, going just like him on two feet, and recalling the human species by the use they make of their hands and feet, to such an extent, that the less educated travellers have given them out as a kind of man.
— Carl Linnaeus, buch Systema Naturae
Systema naturae (1735) (quoted in Ramsbottom 1938:197)
Original in Latin: Genus omne est naturale, in primordio tale creatum, hinc pro libitu & secundem cujuscimque theoriam non proterve discindendum aut conglutinandum.
Systema Naturae
As quoted in A life of Linnaeus https://archive.org/stream/lifeoflinnaeus00brigiala#page/122/mode/2up/search/blessed (1858), by J. Van Voorst & Cecilia Lucy Brightwell, London. p. 123.: I render thanks to the Almighty, who has ordered my lot so that I live at this day; and live, too, happier than the King of Persia. I think myself thus blessed because in this academic garden I am principal. This is my Rhodus, or, rather, my Elysium; here I enjoy the spoils of the East and the West, and, if I mistake not, that which far excels in beauty the garments of the Babylonians and the porcelain of China. Here I behold myself the might and wisdom of the Great Creator, in the works by which He reveals Himself, and show them unto others."
Kontext: I thank Providence who has guided my destinies, that I now live; nay, that I live happier than a king of Persia. You know, fathers and fellow-citizens, that I am wholly occupied with this academical garden; that it is my Rhodus, or rather my Elysium. There I possess all the spoils of the east and the west which I wished for; and which, in my belief, are far more precious than the silken garments of the Babylonians, and the porcelain vases of the Chinese. There I receive and convey instruction. There I admire the wisdom of the Creator, which manifests itself in so many various modes, and demonstrate it to others.
„I think fit to enumerate man among the quadrapeds“
Fauna Suecica (1746) as quoted by Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Sudden Origins: Fossils, Genes, and the Emergence of Species (1999)
Kontext: No one has any right to be angry with me, if I think fit to enumerate man among the quadrapeds. Man is neither a stone nor a plant, but an animal, for such is his way of living and moving; nor is he a worm, for then he would have only one foot; nor an insect, for then he would have antennae; nor a fish, for he has no fins; nor a bird, for he has no wings. Therefore, he is a quadraped, had a mouth like that of other quadrapeds, and finally four feet, on two of which he goes, and uses the other two for prehensive purposes.
Letter to J. G. Gmelin (1747) as quoted by Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Sudden Origins: Fossils, Genes, and the Emergence of Species (1999)
Fundamenta fructificationis (1742). As quoted in John S. Wilkins (2009), "Species: A History of the Idea," University of California Press. p. 72
Linnaeus Diary
— Carl Linnaeus, buch Fundamenta Botanica
Fundamenta Botanica (1736).
Original in Latin: Genera tot dicimus, quot similes constructae fructifications proserunt diversae Species naturales
„The Earth's Creation is the glory of God, as seen from the works of Nature by Man alone.“
— Carl Linnaeus, buch Systema Naturae
In the Introitus (Preface) from his late editions.
Original in Latin: "Finis Creationis telluris est gloria Dei ex opere Naturae per Hominem solum"
Variant translation: "The purpose of Creation is the glory of God, as can be seen from the works in nature by man alone."
Systema Naturae
— Carl Linnaeus, buch Systema Naturae
Imperium Naturæ, 12th edition.
Deum sempiternum, immensum, omniscium, omnipotentem expergefactus a tergo transeuntem vidi et obstupui! legi aliquot Ejus vestigia per creata rerum, in quibus omnibus, etiam in minimis, ut fere nullis, quæ Vis! quanta Sapientia! quam inextricabilis Perfectio!
Systema Naturae
Carl Linnaeus, Nemesis Divina (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996), ed. M. J. Petry.
Nemesis Divina (1734)
„From my youth you have taught me, O God, and now I would like to proclaim Your Wonders“
— Carl Linnaeus, buch Systema Naturae
Praise at the end of the index. In Systema Naturae (1758), from Psalm 71.
Original in Latin: "Docuisti me Deus a juventute mea, & usque nunc pronunciabo Mirabilia Tua"
Systema Naturae
As quoted in Carl Reinhold Bråkenhielm (2009), "Linnaeus and homo religiosus," Universitet, p. 83.
As quoted in The Annual Review and History of Literature http://books.google.com.mx/books?id=hx0ZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=es#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Lord%20himself%20hath%20led%20him%20with%20his%20own%20Almighty%20hand%22&f=false (1806), by Arthur Aikin, T. N. Longman and O. Rees, p. 472.
Also found in Life of Linnaeus https://archive.org/stream/lifeoflinnaeus00brigiala#page/176/mode/2up/search/endeavoured (1858), by J. Van Voorst & Cecilia Lucy Brightwell, London. pp. 176-177.
Linnaeus Diary
