Geburtstag: 287 v.Chr
Todesdatum: 212 v.Chr
Archimedes von Syrakus war ein griechischer Mathematiker, Physiker und Ingenieur. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Mathematiker der Antike. Seine Werke waren auch noch im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert bei der Entwicklung der höheren Analysis von Bedeutung.
So soll er sein Hebelgesetz veranschaulicht haben, belegt in Pappos "Synagoge", einer Sammlung mathematischer Abhandlungen
Original griech.: "δος μοι που στω και κινω την γην" (Dos moi pou sto kai kino taen gaen)
Dorischer Dialekt: "δος μοι πα στω και τα γαν κινάσω"
"Gib mir einen Punkt, wo ich hintreten kann, und ich hebe die Erde aus den Angeln."
Der Ausruf ist nach einer von Plutarch und Vitruv überlieferten Anekdote berühmt geworden, derzufolge Archimedes von Syrakus unbekleidet und laut »Heureka!«, rufend durch die Stadt gelaufen sein soll, nachdem er in der Badewanne das nach ihm benannte »Archimedische Prinzip« entdeckt hatte. Original griech.: "Ἑυρηκα!"
Nach römischer Überlieferung raunte Archimedes diese letzten Worte dem römischen Soldaten zu, der ihn bei der Eroberung von Syrakus in einem stillen Garten entdeckte und erstach. Archimedes grübelte über geometrischen Figuren, die er in den Sand gezeichnet hatte.
Original griech.: "Μή μου τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε!"
Original lat.: "Noli turbare circulos meos!"
— Archimedes, buch The Method of Mechanical Theorems
of the portion adjacent to the base
Proposition presumed from previous work.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, buch On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Postulate 1.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
What he exclaimed as he ran naked from his bath, realizing that by measuring the displacement of water an object produced, compared to its weight, he could measure its density (and thus determine the proportion of gold that was used in making a king's crown); as quoted by Vitruvius Pollio in De Architectura, ix.215;
Original: (el) εὕρηκα [heúrēka]
— Archimedes, buch The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, buch On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 9.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, buch On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 13.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, buch The Method of Mechanical Theorems
Proposition 6.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, buch On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Propositions 6 & 7, The Law of the Lever.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, buch The Method of Mechanical Theorems
Proprosition 4.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, buch On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 10.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
δῶς[No omega+perispomene doric form per e.g. LSJ, March 2017] μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω.
Dôs moi pâ stô, kaì tàn gân kinásō.
Said to be his assertion in demonstrating the principle of the lever; as quoted by Pappus of Alexandria, Synagoge, Book VIII, c. AD 340; also found in Chiliades (12th century) by John Tzetzes, II.130 http://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA46. This and "Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the world" are the most commonly quoted translations.
Variant translations:
Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the whole world.
This variant derives from an earlier source than Pappus: The Library of History of Diodorus Siculus, Fragments of Book XXVI http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/26*.html, as translated by F. R. Walton, in Loeb Classical Library (1957) Vol. XI. In Doric Greek this may have originally been Πᾷ βῶ, καὶ χαριστίωνι τὰν γᾶν κινήσω πᾶσαν [Pā bō, kai kharistiōni tan gān kinēsō [variant kinasō] pāsan].
Give me a lever and a place to stand and I will move the earth.
Give me a fulcrum, and I shall move the world.
Give me a firm spot on which to stand, and I shall move the earth.
Original: (el) δῶς μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω. [Dôs moi pâ stô, kaì tàn gân kinásō.]
Original form: "noli … istum disturbare" ("Do not … disturb that (sand)") — Valerius Maximus, Memorable Doings and Sayings, Book VIII.7.ext.7 (See Chris Rorres (Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences) – "Death of Archimedesː Sources" http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Death/Histories.html). This quote survives only in its Latin version or translation. In modern era, it was paraphrased as Noli turbare circulos meos and then translated to Katharevousa Greek as "μὴ μου τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε".
Reportedly his last words, said to a Roman soldier who, despite being given orders not to, killed Archimedes during the conquest of Syracuse; as quoted in World Literature: An Anthology of Human Experience (1947) by Arthur Christy, p. 655.
Original: (la) Noli turbare circulos meos. or Noli tangere circulos meos.
— Archimedes, buch The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, buch On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 14.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, buch On Spirals
On Spirals (225 B.C.)
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