Wendell Phillips Zitate

Wendell Phillips war ein US-amerikanischer Abolitionist und Politiker.

Wendell Phillips war neben William Lloyd Garrison einer der wichtigsten Abolitionisten in Neuengland und kämpfte als einer der größten Redner der Nordstaaten für die Abschaffung der Sklaverei in den Vereinigten Staaten.

1831 absolvierte er die Harvard University. Er erreichte 1833 einen Jura-Abschluss an der Harvard Law School und eröffnete 1834 eine Anwaltskanzlei in Boston. Ab 1836 widmete sich Phillips dem Kampf gegen die Sklaverei und arbeitete als Autor für die 1831 von William Lloyd Garrison gegründete Zeitung „Liberator“. Phillips war Mitbegründer der American Anti-Slavery Society.

Phillips setzte sich nach dem Amerikanischen Bürgerkrieg für das Frauenwahlrecht und die Abschaffung der Todesstrafe ein. 1870 trat er bei der Gouverneurswahl in Massachusetts als Kandidat der kurzlebigen Labor Reform Party an. Mit 14,6 Prozent der Stimmen belegte er den dritten Platz hinter dem siegreichen Republikaner William Claflin und dem Demokraten John Quincy Adams II. Er kandidierte 1877 erneut für dieses Amt, diesmal für die Greenback Party, erzielte aber kein signifikantes Ergebnis.

Sein Vater war der erste Bürgermeister der Stadt Boston, John Phillips. Wikipedia  

✵ 29. November 1811 – 2. Februar 1884
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Wendell Phillips Zitate und Sprüche

„Ewige Wachsamkeit ist der Preis der Freiheit.“

Original engl.: "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty - power is ever stealing from the many to the few. The manna of popular liberty must be gathered each day, or it is rotten." (28. Jan. 1852) - in: Speeches Before the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, Boston, 1853. S. 13
Wendell Phillips hat dieser Maxime mit zu ihrer Berühmtheit verholfen. Sie findet sich aber bereits 1809 als urheberloses Zitat "the price of liberty is eternal vigilance" in dem Buch von Thomas U. P. Charlton: "The Life of Major General James Jackson", Augusta, Georgia, 1809. S. 85 und war vermutlich in den 1830ern schon ein verbreiteter Sinnspruch (Atkinson's Casket, Sept. 1833. ).
Der irische Jurist John Philpot Curran gilt heute als der Erste, der "Freiheit" mit "ewiger Wachsamkeit" verknüpft hat. In einer Rede vom 10. Juli 1790 sagte er, möglicherweise in Anspielung auf Galaterbrief http://www.bibleserver.com/text/LUT/Galater5,1 5;1: "Die Bedingung, unter der Gott dem Menschen Freiheit gegeben hat, ist ewige Wachsamkeit; bricht er diese Bedingung, ist Knechtschaft sofort die Folge seines Verbrechens und die Bestrafung seiner Schuld." - zitiert in Norbert Mühlen: Die Amerikaner. Frankfurt/Main Fischer Taschenbuch 1977. S. 105
Original engl.: "The condition upon which God hath given liberty to man is eternal vigilance; which condition if he break, servitude is at once the consequence of his crime and the punishment of his guilt." - On the Right of Election of Lord Mayor of the City of Dublin, Delivered Before the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council of Ireland, in: Irish eloquence: The speeches of the celebrated Irish orators, Philips, Curran and Grattan, Philadelphia, 1840. S. 15
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Wendell Phillips: Zitate auf Englisch

“He who stifles free discussion, secretly doubts whether what he professes to believe is really true.”

Oration delivered at Daniel O'Connell celebration, Boston (6 August 1870), published in Wendell Phillips: The Agitator (1890) by William Carlos Martyn, p. 563
1870s

“What gunpowder did for war, the printing press has done for the mind, and the statesman is no longer clad in the steel of special education, but every reading man is his judge.”

Anti-Slavery Speech (January 1852) http://books.google.com/books?id=SCpVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22 Published in The Works of Wendell Phillips, Street & Smith (1902), p. 22-23
1850s

“Revolutions are not made; they come. A revolution is as natural a growth as an oak. It comes out of the past. Its foundations are laid far back.”

Speech before the Massachusetts Antislavery Society (28 January 1852), published in Speeches, Letters and Lectures by Wendell Phillips https://archive.org/details/speecheslectures7056phil (1884), p. 36<!-- Boston: Lee and Shepard; New York: C. T. Dillingham -->
1850s

“Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty — power is ever stealing from the many to the few….”

Speech in Boston, Massachusetts (28 January 1852), Speeches Before the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society (1853), p. 13. The memorable and oft-quoted phrase, "eternal vigilance is the price of liberty," was not in quotation marks in the printed edition of this speech. The Home Book of Quotations, ed. Burton Stevenson, 9th ed., p. 1106 (1964), notes that "It has been said that Mr. Phillips was quoting Thomas Jefferson, but in a letter dated 14 April, 1879, Mr. Phillips wrote: '"Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty" has been attributed to Jefferson, but no one has yet found it in his works or elsewhere.' It has also been attributed to Patrick Henry."
1850s
Kontext: Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty — power is ever stealing from the many to the few…. The hand entrusted with power becomes … the necessary enemy of the people. Only by continual oversight can the democrat in office be prevented from hardening into a despot: only by unintermitted Agitation can a people be kept sufficiently awake to principle not to let liberty be smothered in material prosperity.

“The best use of laws is to teach men to trample bad laws under their feet.”

Speech at the Melodeon, on the first anniversary of the rendition of Thomas Sims (12 April 12 1852), published in Speeches, Letters and Lectures by Wendell Phillips https://archive.org/details/speecheslectures7056phil (1884), p. 91.
1850s

“Truth is one forever, absolute; but opinion is truth filtered through the moods, the blood, the disposition, of the spectator.”

Fraternity lecture delivered in Boston (4 October 1859), published in Speeches, Letters and Lectures by Wendell Phillips (1884), p. 245
1850s

“Aristocracy is always cruel.”

1860s, Toussaint L'Ouverture (1861)

“Revolutions never go backward.”

Address delivered before the Twenty-Eighth Congregational Society in Music Hall, Boston, February 17, 1861, published in Speeches, Letters and Lectures by Wendell Phillips https://archive.org/details/speecheslectures7056phil (1884), p. 380.
1860s

“What the Puritans gave the world was not thought, but action.”

Speech at the dinner of the Pilgrim Society (21 December 1855), published in Speeches, Letters and Lectures by Wendell Phillips https://archive.org/details/speecheslectures7056phil (1884), p. 229
1850s

“Every man meets his Waterloo at last.”

1850s, Lecture at Brooklyn (1859)

“Be not dismayed by a defeat. What is defeat! Nothing but education, nothing but the first step to something better.”

No record of this specific remark exists prior to its use by a George W. Phillips, in an address to the fifth annual convention of the National Association of Life Underwriters (June 1894), reported in The Chronicle: A Weekly Journal, Devoted to the Interests of Insurance Vol. LIII (1894), p. 336 https://books.google.com/books?id=xoAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA335&dq=%22What+is+defeat?+Nothing+but+education.+Nothing+but+the+first+step+to+something+better.%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFiMan5KveAhWl6YMKHYV6C44Q6AEIdTAO#v=onepage&q=%22What%20is%20defeat%3F%20Nothing%20but%20education.%20Nothing%20but%20the%20first%20step%20to%20something%20better.%22&f=false
Misattributed

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