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John Adams war einer der Gründerväter der Vereinigten Staaten und von 1789 bis 1797 der erste Vizepräsident sowie nach George Washington von 1797 bis 1801 der zweite Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten.

Adams entstammte einem puritanischen Elternhaus und erlernte nach einem Studium am Harvard College den Anwaltsberuf. In Boston kam er während der frühen Amerikanischen Revolution in Kontakt mit Samuel Adams und den Sons of Liberty. Anfangs noch loyal zur britischen Verfassung stehend, näherte er sich den nach einer Loslösung vom Mutterland strebenden Kolonisten zunehmend an. Als Mitglied des Kontinentalkongresses von 1774 bis 1778 trieb er die Unabhängigkeit der Dreizehn Kolonien vom Königreich Großbritannien voran. Zusammen mit Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin und anderen war er an der Konzeption der Unabhängigkeitserklärung der Vereinigten Staaten beteiligt.

Zwischen zwei diplomatischen Missionen im Königreich Frankreich arbeitete Adams in der Heimat die Verfassung von Massachusetts aus. Danach führte er in Europa Verhandlungen mit dem Königreich Großbritannien, die im Jahr 1783 in den Frieden von Paris mündeten. Anschließend war Adams als Repräsentant für die junge Republik in unterschiedlichen Staaten tätig und ab 1785 erster Botschafter Amerikas in London.

Bei der ersten amerikanischen Präsidentschaftswahl im Jahr 1789 wurde Adams als Zweitplatzierter im Electoral College Vizepräsident unter George Washington. Bei den Wahlen 1792 konnte er dieses Amt gegen George Clinton verteidigen. Im entstehenden First Party System gehörte Adams zu den wichtigsten Vertretern der Föderalistischen Partei. Als deren Kandidat besiegte er bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen im Jahr 1796 knapp Thomas Jefferson von der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei. Die Amtszeit von Adams wurde vom Quasi-Krieg mit dem revolutionären Frankreich und den Intrigen von Jefferson und Alexander Hamilton gegen ihn überschattet. Die bedeutsamste Gesetzgebung seiner Präsidentschaft waren die Alien and Sedition Acts. In einem stark polarisierenden Wahlkampf unterlag Adams 1800 Jefferson. Er zog sich danach ins Privatleben zurück und erlebte noch kurz vor seinem Lebensende, wie sein ältester Sohn John Quincy Adams im Jahr 1824 zum Präsidenten gewählt wurde. Wikipedia  

✵ 30. Oktober 1735 – 4. Juli 1826
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“Old minds are like old horses; you must exercise them if you wish to keep them in working order.”

As quoted by Josiah Quincy III, in Looking Toward Sunset : From Sources Old and New, Original and Selected (1865) by Lydia Maria Francis Child, p. 431
Attributed

“It is more important that innocence be protected than it is that guilt be punished, for guilt and crimes are so frequent in this world that they cannot all be punished”

1770s, Boston Massacre trial (1770)
Kontext: It is more important that innocence be protected than it is that guilt be punished, for guilt and crimes are so frequent in this world that they cannot all be punished.
But if innocence itself is brought to the bar and condemned, perhaps to die, then the citizen will say, "whether I do good or whether I do evil is immaterial, for innocence itself is no protection," and if such an idea as that were to take hold in the mind of the citizen that would be the end of security whatsoever.

“I have come to the conclusion that one useless man is called a disgrace; that two are called a law firm; and that three or more become a Congress!”

Adams as portrayed in the musical 1776 (1969); this has sometimes been cited as an actual quote of Adams.
Misattributed

“This book is a long conference of God, the angels, and Mahomet, which that false prophet very grossly invented; sometimes he introduceth God, who speaketh to him, and teacheth him his law, then an angel, among the prophets, and frequently maketh God to speak in the plural. … Thou wilt wonder that such absurdities have infected the best part of the world, and wilt avouch, that the knowledge of what is contained in this book, will render that law contemptible …”

John Adams: John Adams Library (Boston Public Library) BRL; Du Ryer, André, ca. 1580-ca. 1660, tr; Adams, John, 1735-1826, former owner, "[ 2013-05-01 http://ia700200.us.archive.org/4/items/korancommonlycal00john/korancommonlycal00john.pdf, The Koran : commonly called the Alcoran of Mahomet (1806)]," Springfield [Mass.] : Printed by Henry Brewer, for Isaiah Thomas, Jun.
1770s

“There are few people in this world with whom I can converse.”

As quoted in Complete Book of U.S. Presidents (1984), by William A. DeGregorio, pp. 19–20

“A government of laws, and not of men.”

No. 7; this was incorporated into the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780
1770s, Novanglus essays (1774–1775)

“My best wishes, in the joys, and festivities, and the solemn services of that day on which will be completed the fiftieth year from its birth, of the independence of the United States: a memorable epoch in the annals of the human race, destined in future history to form the brightest or the blackest page, according to the use or the abuse of those political institutions by which they shall, in time to come, be shaped by the human mind.”

Reply to an invitation to 50th Independence Day celebrations from a committee of the citizens of Quincy, Massachusetts (7 June 1826); quoted in "Eulogy, Pronounced at Bridgewater, Massachusetts" http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC02570179&id=17ge0_OSAfIC&pg=RA1-PA160&lpg=RA1-PA160&dq=%22solemn+services+of+that+day+on+which+will+be+completed+%22&num=100 (2 August 1826) by John A. Shaw, in A Selection of Eulogies, Pronounced in the Several States, in Honor of Those Illustrious Patriots and Statesmen, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson (1826) http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18196/18196.txt
1820s

“The proposition, that the people are the best keepers of their own liberties, is not true; they are the worst conceivable; they are no keepers at all; they can neither judge, act, think, or will, as a political body.”

This is attributed to Adams in The Life of Thomas Jefferson (1858) by Henry Stephens Randall, p. 587
1780s, A Defence of the Constitutions of Government (1787)

“Thanks be to God, that he gave me Stubborness, when I know I am right.”

Letter to Edmund Jenings, 27 September 1782 http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-13-02-0217, also quoted in John Adams (2008) by David McCullough, p. 272
1780s

“Where do we find a precept in the Gospel requiring Ecclesiastical Synods? Convocations? Councils? Decrees? Creeds? Confessions? Oaths? Subscriptions? and whole cart-loads of other trumpery that we find religion incumbered with in these days?”

(18 February 1756)
1750s, Diaries (1750s-1790s)
Kontext: Spent an hour in the beginning of the evening at Major Gardiner's, where it was thought that the design of Christianity was not to make men good riddle-solvers, or good mystery-mongers, but good men, good magistrates, and good subjects, good husbands and good wives, good parents and good children, good masters and good servants. The following questions may be answered some time or other, namely, — Where do we find a precept in the Gospel requiring Ecclesiastical Synods? Convocations? Councils? Decrees? Creeds? Confessions? Oaths? Subscriptions? and whole cart-loads of other trumpery that we find religion incumbered with in these days?

“God is an essence we know nothing of. Until this awful blasphemy is gotten rid of there will never be any liberal science in the world.”

Attributed to Adams in A Brief History of Disbelief BBC Four (2005) by Jonathan Miller, Online video http://www.veoh.com/series/briefhistoryofdisbelief. The two sentences are derived from two different letters to Thomas Jefferson, written five years apart, juxtaposed to give a misleading impression of Adams' meaning. The first comes from his letter of 17 January 1820, and the second from his letter of 22 January 1825.
Misattributed

“It is folly to anticipate evils, and madness to create imaginary ones.”

4 August 1796
1750s, Diaries (1750s-1790s)

“There is, in the human Breast, a social Affection, which extends to our whole Species.”

Letter to Abigail Adams http://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2785&context=cklawreview (19 October 1775). Reprinted in I ADAMS FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE 318 (L. Butterfield ed. 1963).
1770s

“A mob is still a mob, even if it's on your side.”

Adams as portrayed in the HBO Miniseries John Adams (2008); this has sometimes been cited as having been actually said or written by the historical John Adams.
Misattributed

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