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David Hume [hju:m] war ein schottischer Philosoph, Ökonom und Historiker. Er war einer der bedeutendsten Vertreter der schottischen Aufklärung und wird der philosophischen Strömung des Empirismus bzw. des Sensualismus zugerechnet. Sein skeptisches und metaphysikfreies Philosophieren regte Immanuel Kant zu dessen Kritik der reinen Vernunft an. Mittelbar wirkte dieser Vordenker der Aufklärung auf die modernen Richtungen des Positivismus und der analytischen Philosophie. In Bezug auf seine wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Bedeutung kann er zur vorklassischen Ökonomie gezählt werden. Hume war ein enger Freund von Adam Smith und stand mit ihm in regem intellektuellem Austausch. Wikipedia  

✵ 26. April 1711 – 25. August 1776
David Hume Foto
David Hume: 146 Zitate1 Gefällt mir

David Hume Berühmte Zitate

„Bleib' nüchtern und vergiss' nicht, skeptisch zu sein!“

David Hume

„Die Vernunft ist nur ein Sklave der Affekte und soll es sein; sie darf niemals eine andere Funktion beanspruchen, als die, denselben zu dienen und zu gehorchen.“

David Hume

Ein Traktat über die menschliche Natur. Buch II, Teil III, Dritter Abschnitt. Hamburg 1978. S. 153 <br class="br">&quot;Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them.&quot; - unc.edu http://www.unc.edu/~jjeffrey/Hume%20Files--start%20with%20B3/B2.3.3.html <br class="br">Traktat über die menschliche Natur (1739)

„Stärker als alle Grundsätze ist die Natur.“

David Hume

Eine Untersuchung in Betreff des menschlichen Verstandes (1748) <br class="br">Original: (en) Nature is always too strong for principle. <br class="br">Quelle: Eine Untersuchung in Betreff des menschlichen Verstandes, XII, Abschntt II, S. 147 zeno.org http://www.zeno.org/nid/20009186751 <br class="br">Quelle: en:s:Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding/Essay 12, Part II, p. 248

„Himmel und Hölle setzen zwei verschiedene Arten von Menschen voraus: gute und böse; aber der größte Teil der Menschen schwankt zwischen Laster und Tugend.“

David Hume

Über die Unsterblichkeit der Seele (postum veröffentlicht 1777), ins Deutsche übersetzt von Friedrich Paulsen, Leipzig <sup>3</sup>: Meiner, 1905. S. 161
Original engl.: "Heaven and hell suppose two distinct species of men, the good and the bad. But the greatest part of mankind float betwixt vice and virtue." -
Über die Unsterblichkeit der Seele (1757)

„Sie sehen also, [Jean-Jacques Rousseau] ist eine Komposition aus Launen, Affektiertheit, Boshaftigkeit, Selbstgefälligkeit und Unruhe mit einer winzigen, wenn überhaupt vorhandenen Beimischung von Wahnsinn. […] Die oben genannten, vorherrschenden Qualitäten zusammen mit Undankbarkeit, Grausamkeit und Lügerei, und der von mir nicht extra zuerwähnenden Redegewandtheit und Erfindungsgabe, formen die gesamte geistige Verfassung.“

David Hume

Brief an Adam Smith vom 8. Oktober 1767, in: The Correspondence of Adam Smith, Oxford University Press 1987 [Reprint 2001]. S. 135 Übers.: Wikiquote
"Thus you see, he is a Composition of Whim, Affectation, Wickedness, Vanity, and Inquietude, with a very small, if any, Ingredient of Madness. [...] The ruling Qualities abovementioned, together with Ingratitude, Ferocity, and Lying, I need not mention, Eloquence and Invention — form the whole of the Composition."
Briefe

„Gewohnheit ist der große Führer im Menschenleben.“

David Hume

Original: (en) CUSTOM [...] is the great Guide of human Life. <br class="br">Quelle: Eine Untersuchung in Betreff des menschlichen Verstandes. V, Abschnitt I, S. 41 zeno.org http://www.zeno.org/nid/2000918659X <br class="br">Quelle: en:s:Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding/Essay 5, Part I, p. 75

„Keine Zufälligkeit irgendwo im Universum, keine Gleichgültigkeit, keine Freiheit. Während wir handeln, wird gleichzeitig an uns gehandelt.“

David Hume

Eine Untersuchung in Betreff des menschlichen Verstandes
Briefe

„Nirgends in der Welt sei dann Zufall, nirgends Unbestimmtheit, nirgends Freiheit. Wenn wir handeln, sind wir gleichzeitig der Gegenstand eines Handelns; der letzte Urheber aller unsrer Entschlüsse ist der Schöpfer der Welt,“

David Hume

Eine Untersuchung in Betreff des menschlichen Verstandes (1748) <br class="br">Original: (en) No Contingency any where in the Universe; no Indifference; no Liberty. While we act, we are, at the same time, acted upon. The ultimate Author of all our Volitions is the Creator of the World, <br class="br">Quelle: Eine Untersuchung in Betreff des menschlichen Verstandes. VIII, Abschnitt II, S. 90 zeno.org http://www.zeno.org/nid/20009186670 <br class="br">Quelle: en:s:Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding/Essay 8, Part II, p. 157

David Hume: Zitate auf Englisch

“What would become of history, had we not a dependence on the veracity of the historian, according to the experience, what we have had of mankind?”

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David Hume buch An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

§ 8.18
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748)

“Take any action allow’d to be vicious: Wilful murder, for instance. Examine it in all lights, and see if you can find that matter of fact, or real existence, which you call vice. In which-ever way you take it, you find only certain passions, motives, volitions and thoughts. There is no other matter of fact in the case. The vice entirely escapes you, as long as you consider the object. You never can find it, till you turn your reflexion into your own breast, and find a sentiment of disapprobation, which arises in you, towards this action. Here is a matter of fact; but ’tis the object of feeling, not of reason. It lies in yourself, not in the object. So that when you pronounce any action or character to be vicious, you mean nothing, but that from the constitution of your nature you have a feeling or sentiment of blame from the contemplation of it. Vice and virtue, therefore, may be compar’d to sounds, colours, heat and cold, which, according to modern philosophy, are not qualities in objects, but perceptions in the mind”

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David Hume buch A Treatise of Human Nature

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Part 1, Section 1
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Book 3: Of morals

“I thought that I was the only historian, that had at once neglected present power, interest, and authority, and the cry of popular prejudices; and as the subject was suited to every capacity, I expected proportional applause. But miserable was my disappointment: I was assailed by one cry of reproach, disapprobation, and even detestation; English, Scotch, and Irish, Whig and Tory, churchman and sectary, freethinker and religionist, patriot and courtier, united in their rage against the man, who had presumed to shed a generous tear for the fate of Charles I and the Earl of Strafford.”

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David Hume

'My Own Life' (1776), quoted in David Hume, Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary (1741–1777), ed. Eugene Miller (1985), p. xxxvii

“Tis evident, that sympathy, or the communication of passions, takes place among animals, no less than among men. Fear, anger, courage and other affections are frequently communicated from one animal to another […] And 'tis remarkable, that tho' almost all animals use in play the same member, and nearly the same action as in fighting; a lion, a tyger, a cat their paws; an ox his homs; a dog his teeth; a horse his heels: Yet they most carefully avoid harming their companion, even tho' they have nothing to fear from his resentment; which is an evident proof of the sense brutes have of each other's pain and pleasure.”

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David Hume buch A Treatise of Human Nature

Part 2, Section 12
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Book 2: Of the passions

“Actions may be laudable or blameable; but they cannot be reasonable: Laudable or blameable, therefore, are not the same with reasonable or unreasonable. The merit and demerit of actions frequently contradict, and sometimes controul our natural propensities. But reason has no such influence. Moral distinctions, therefore, are not the offspring of reason. Reason is wholly inactive, and can never be the source of so active a principle as conscience, or a sense of morals.”

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David Hume buch A Treatise of Human Nature

Part 1, Section 1
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Book 3: Of morals

“You need only look around you, replied PHILO, to satisfy yourself with regard to this question. A tree bestows order and organisation on that tree which springs from it, without knowing the order; an animal in the same manner on its offspring; a bird on its nest; and instances of this kind are even more frequent in the world than those of order, which arise from reason and contrivance. To say, that all this order in animals and vegetables proceeds ultimately from design, is begging the question; nor can that great point be ascertained otherwise than by proving, a priori, both that order is, from its nature, inseparably attached to thought; and that it can never of itself, or from original unknown principles, belong to matter.”

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David Hume buch Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

Philo to Demea, Part VII
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779)

“By this means all knowledge degenerates into probability; and this probability is greater or less, according to our experience of the veracity or deceitfulness of our understanding, and according to the simplicity or intricacy of the question.”

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David Hume buch A Treatise of Human Nature

Part 4, Section 1
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Book 1: Of the understanding

“If the whole of natural theology, as some people seem to maintain, resolves itself into one simple, though somewhat ambiguous, at least undefined proposition, that the cause or causes of order in the universe probably bear some remote analogy to human intelligence: If this proposition be not capable of extension, variation, or more particular explication: If it affords no inference that affects human life, or can be the source of any action or forbearance: And if the analogy, imperfect as it is, can be carried no farther than to the human intelligence, and cannot be transferred, with any appearance of probability, to the other qualities of the mind; if this really be the case, what can the most inquisitive, contemplative, and religious man do more than give a plain, philosophical assent to the proposition, as often as it occurs, and believe that the arguments on which it is established exceed the objections which lie against it?”

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David Hume buch Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

Philo to Cleanthes, Part XII
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779)

“Every thing in the world is purchased by labour.”

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David Hume buch Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary

Part II, Essay 1: Of Commerce
Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary (1741-2; 1748)

“We may observe, that, notwithstanding the dogmatical, imperious style of all superstition, the conviction of the religionists, in all ages, is more affected than real, and scarcely ever approaches, in any degree, to that solid belief and persuasion, which governs us in the common affairs of life. Men dare not avow, even to their own hearts, the doubts which they entertain on such subjects: They make a merit of implicit faith; and disguise to themselves their real infidelity, by the strongest asseverations and most positive bigotry. But nature is too hard for all their endeavours, and suffers not the obscure, glimmering light, afforded in those shadowy regions, to equal the strong impressions, made by common sense and by experience. The usual course of men's conduct belies their words, and shows, that their assent in these matters is some unaccountable operation of the mind between disbelief and conviction, but approaching much nearer to the former than to the latter.”

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David Hume The Natural History of Religion

Part XII - With regard to doubt or conviction
The Natural History of Religion (1757)

“We must therefore glean up our experiments in this science from a cautious observation of human life, and take them as they appear in the common course of the world, by men’s behaviour in company, in affairs, and in their pleasures. Where experiments of this kind are judiciously collected and compared, we may hope to establish on them a science, which will not be inferior in certainty, and will be much superior in utility to any other of human comprehension.”

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David Hume buch A Treatise of Human Nature

Introduction
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40)

“I say, then, that belief is nothing but a more vivid, lively, forcible, firm, steady conception of an object, than what the imagination alone is ever able to attain”

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David Hume buch An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

§ 4.9
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748)

“How can you worship leeks and onions? we shall suppose a SORBONNIST to say to a priest of SAIS. If we worship them, replies the latter; at least, we do not, at the same time, eat them. But what strange object of adoration are cats and monkeys? says the learned doctor. They are at least as good as the relics or rotten bones of martyrs, answers his no less learned antagonist. Are you not mad, insists the Catholic, to cut one another's throat about the preference of a cabbage or a cucumber? Yes, says the pagan; I allow it, if you will confess, that those are still madder, who fight about the preference among volumes of sophistry, ten thousand of which are not equal in value to one cabbage or cucumber.”

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David Hume The Natural History of Religion

Part XII - With regard to doubt or conviction
The Natural History of Religion (1757)

“When anyone tells me, that he saw a dead man restored to life, I immediately consider with myself, whether it be more probable, that this person should either deceive or be deceived, or that the fact, which he relates, should really have happened. I weigh the one miracle against the other; and according to the superiority, which I discover, I pronounce my decision, and always reject the greater miracle. If the falsehood of his testimony would be more miraculous, than the event which he relates; then, and not till then, can he pretend to command my belief or opinion.”

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David Hume buch An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Section 10 : Of Miracles Pt. 1
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748)

“In a word, human life is more governed by fortune than by reason; is to be regarded more as a dull pastime than as a serious occupation; and is more influenced by particular humour, than by general principles. Shall we engage ourselves in it with passion and anxiety? It is not worthy of so much concern. Shall we be indifferent about what happens? We lose all the pleasure of the game by our phlegm and carelessness. While we are reasoning concerning life, life is gone; and death, though perhaps they receive him differently, yet treats alike the fool and the philosopher.”

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David Hume buch Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary

Part I, Essay 18: The Sceptic
Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary (1741-2; 1748)

“There is no method of reasoning more common, and yet none more blameable, than in philosophical debates to endeavour to refute any hypothesis by a pretext of its dangerous consequences to religion and morality. When any opinion leads us into absurdities, 'tis certainly false; but 'tis not certain an opinion is false, because 'tis of dangerous consequence.”

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David Hume buch A Treatise of Human Nature

Part 3, Section 2
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Book 2: Of the passions

“At present they [philosophers] seem to be in a very lamentable condition, and such as the poets have given us but a faint notion of in their descriptions of the punishment of Sisyphus and Tantalus.”

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David Hume buch A Treatise of Human Nature

For what can be imagin'd more tormenting, than to seek with eagerness, what for ever flies us; and seek for it in a place, where 'tis impossible it can ever exist?
Part 4, Section 3
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Book 1: Of the understanding

“During such calm sunshine of the mind, these spectres of false divinity never make their appearance.”

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David Hume The Natural History of Religion

Part XIV - Bad influence of popular religions on morality
The Natural History of Religion (1757)

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