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Alexander Hamilton Zitate
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Alexander Hamilton war ein amerikanischer Staatsmann, einer der Gründerväter der Vereinigten Staaten, deren erster Finanzminister und einer der ersten Staatstheoretiker der repräsentativen Demokratie.

Hamilton diente im Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg im persönlichen Stab von George Washington, von 1782 bis 1783 war er Mitglied des Kontinentalkongresses. 1784 gründete er die Bank of New York , die älteste Bank der Vereinigten Staaten. Er nahm an der Philadelphia Convention zur Ausarbeitung einer neuen Verfassung teil, die er anschließend in den Federalist Papers gemeinsam mit John Jay und James Madison propagierte und verteidigte. Der junge Rechtsanwalt tat sich mit seiner konservativen Haltung hervor. So befürwortete er die Wahl des Präsidenten und der Senatoren auf Lebenszeit und wollte eine starke Zentralregierung gegenüber den Einzelstaaten festschreiben. Hamilton setzte sich zwar nur mit letzterer Forderung teilweise durch, gilt aber zusammen mit James Madison und George Washington als einer der drei Väter der amerikanischen Verfassung.

Unter der Regierung Washingtons war er von 1789 bis 1793 Finanzminister und trug maßgeblich zum Aufbau des Bankensystems und der Marine der jungen USA bei. Um 1791/1792 gründete er die Föderalistische Partei, zudem war er Mitbegründer der New York Manumission Society, die für die Abschaffung der Sklaverei und für die Rechte der afrikanischstämmigen Bevölkerung eintrat. Mit dieser Haltung schuf er sich keine Freunde in den sklavenhaltenden Südstaaten, wie etwa Virginia. Hamilton starb am 12. Juli 1804 an einer Verwundung, die er sich am Vortag in einem Duell mit seinem langjährigen politischen Rivalen Aaron Burr zugezogen hatte.

Alexander Hamilton gilt als Begründer des Amerikanischen Systems der Politischen Ökonomie. Er nutzte diese Bezeichnung erstmals 1791 in einem Dokument an den Kongress. Es geht von einer Gemeinwohlverpflichtung für alle Beteiligten einer Volkswirtschaft aus, wie sie in der amerikanischen Verfassung festgeschrieben ist. In diesem System schafft der Staat Bedingungen, unter denen Produktionsbetriebe sich – zum Wohl der Unternehmen, der Beschäftigten und des Gemeinwesens – weiterentwickeln können. Weitere Vertreter des Amerikanischen Systems der Politischen Ökonomie waren Henry Charles Carey und Friedrich List.

1780 wurde er in die American Philosophical Society und 1791 in die American Academy of Arts and Sciences gewählt. Hamiltons Porträt befindet sich auf der 10-Dollar-Banknote. Wikipedia  

✵ 11. Januar 1757 – 12. Juli 1804   •   Andere Namen Ալեքսանդր Համիլթոն
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Alexander Hamilton: Zitate auf Englisch

“In the usual progress of things, the necessities of a nation in every stage of its existence will be found at least equal to its resources.”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 30
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

“If it be asked, What is the most sacred duty and the greatest source of our security in a Republic? The answer would be, An inviolable respect for the Constitution and Laws — the first growing out of the last… A sacred respect for the constitutional law is the vital principle, the sustaining energy of a free government.”

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Alexander Hamilton

Essay in the American Daily Advertiser (28 August 1794)

“I believe the British government forms the best model the world ever produced, and such has been its progress in the minds of the many, that this truth gradually gains ground. This government has for its object public strength and individual security. It is said with us to be unattainable. All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born, the other the mass of the people. The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; and however generally this maxim has been quoted and believed, it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore to the first class a distinct, permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second, and as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they therefore will ever maintain good government. Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good?”

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Alexander Hamilton

Farrand's Records of the Federal Convention, v. 1, p. 299. (June 19, 1787)
Debates of the Federal Convention (1787)

“Let Americans disdain to be the instruments of European greatness! Let the thirteen States, bound together in a strict and indissoluble Union, concur in erecting one great American system, superior to the control of all transatlantic force or influence, and able to dictate the terms of the connection between the old and the new world!”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 11
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

“Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been, and ever will be, pursued, until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. In a society, under the forms of which the stronger faction can readily unite and oppress the weaker, anarchy may as truly be said to reign, as in a state of nature where the weaker individual is not secured against the violence of the stronger: And as in the latter state even the stronger individuals are prompted by the uncertainty of their condition, to submit to a government which may protect the weak, as well as themselves: so in the former state, will the more powerful factions be gradually induced by a like motive, to wish for a government which will protect all parties, the weaker as well as the more powerful.”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 51
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

“I have thought it my duty to exhibit things as they are, not as they ought to be.”

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Alexander Hamilton

Letter to Robert Morris (13 August 1782)

“Unless your government is respectable, foreigners will invade your rights; and to maintain tranquillity you must be respectable; even to observe neutrality you must have a strong government.”

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Alexander Hamilton

Elliot's Debates, volume 1, p. 463. (29 July 1788)

“Until the People have, by some solemn and authoritative act, annulled or changed the established form, it is binding upon themselves collectively, as well as individually; and no presumption, or even knowledge of their sentiments, can warrant their Representatives in a departure from it, prior to such an act. But it is easy to see, that it would require an uncommon portion of fortitude in the Judges to do their duty as faithful guardians of the Constitution, where Legislative invasions of it had been instigated by the major voice of the community. But it is not with a view to infractions of the Constitution only, that the independence of the Judges may be an essential safeguard against the effects of occasional ill humors in the society. These sometimes extend no farther than to the injury of the private rights of particular classes of citizens, by unjust and partial laws. Here also the firmness of the Judicial magistracy is of vast importance in mitigating the severity, and confining the operation of such laws. It not only serves to moderate the immediate mischiefs of those which may have been passed, but it operates as a check upon the Legislative body in passing them; who, perceiving that obstacles to the success of iniquitous intention are to be expected from the scruples of the Courts, are in a manner compelled, by the very motives of the injustice they meditate, to qualify their attempts.”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 78
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

“If there be anything in a remark often to be met with, namely that there is, in the genius of the people of this country, a peculiar aptitude for mechanic improvements, it would operate as a forcible reason for giving opportunities to the exercise of that species of talent, by the propagation of manufactures.”

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Alexander Hamilton Report on Manufactures

Report on Manufactures (1791)

“If the federal government should overpass the just bounds of its authority and make a tyrannical use of its powers, the people, whose creature it is, must appeal to the standard they have formed, and take such measures to redress the injury done to the Constitution as the exigency may suggest and prudence justify.”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 33
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

“A garden, you know, is a very usual refuge of a disappointed politician. Accordingly, I have purchased a few acres about nine miles from town, have built a house, and am cultivating a garden.”

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Alexander Hamilton

Letter to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (29 December 1802)

“The creation of crimes after the commission of the fact, or, in other words, the subjecting of men to punishment for things which, when they were done, were breaches of no law, and the practice of arbitrary imprisonments, have been, in all ages, the favorite and most formidable instruments of tyranny.”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 84
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

“The passions of a revolution are apt to hurry even good men into excesses.”

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Alexander Hamilton

Essay (12 August 1795)

“An avaricious man might be tempted to betray the interests of the State to the acquisition of wealth. An ambitious man might make his own aggrandizement, by the aid of a foreign power, the price of his treachery to his constituents. The history of human conduct does not warrant that exalted opinion of human virtue, which would make it wise in a Nation to commit interests of so delicate and momentous a kind, as those which concern its intercourse with the rest of the world, to the sole disposal of a Magistrate created and circumstanced as would be a President of the United States.”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 75
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

“I believe the British government forms the best model the world ever produced, and such has been its progress in the minds of the many, that this truth gradually gains ground. This government has for its object public strength and individual security.”

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Alexander Hamilton

It is said with us to be unattainable. All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born, the other the mass of the people. The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; and however generally this maxim has been quoted and believed, it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore to the first class a distinct, permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second, and as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they therefore will ever maintain good government. Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good?
Farrand's Records of the Federal Convention, v. 1, p. 299. (June 19, 1787)
Debates of the Federal Convention (1787)

“To look for a continuation of harmony between a number of independent, unconnected sovereignties in the same neighborhood, would be to disregard the uniform course of human events, and to set at defiance the accumulated experience of ages.”

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Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers

No. 6
The Federalist Papers (1787–1788)

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