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Richard Matthew Stallman ist ein US-amerikanischer Aktivist und Programmierer. Er setzt sich für Freiheiten von Software-Endnutzern ein: die Freiheiten der Kontrolle und Kollaboration sollen den Nutzern nicht entzogen werden. Software soll so verbreitet werden, dass Nutzer beim Empfang der Software gleichzeitig die Freiheiten mitempfangen, die Software ausführen, analysieren, verbreiten und abändern zu dürfen. Software, welche diese Freiheiten sicherstellt, als Freiheits-Rechte, die zusammen mit dem Empfang der Software mitempfangen werden, nennt Stallman „Freie Software“. Für Stallman ist dies eine ethische Notwendigkeit.Durch die Gründung des GNU-Projekts und die Entwicklung des GNU C Compilers, des GNU Debuggers, verschiedener Werkzeuge der GNU coreutils und des Editors GNU Emacs galt er als einer der einflussreichsten und produktivsten Programmierer. Seit 2008 trägt er nicht mehr aktiv zur Programmierung von Software-Projekten bei, sondern ist mehr als Befürworter und Verfechter rund um Freiheitsrechte bei Software involviert .

✵ 16. März 1953
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Richard Stallman: Zitate auf Englisch

“When the goal is to help others as well as oneself, we call that idealism.”

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Richard Stallman

1990s, Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism (1998)
Kontext: Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and goals. People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit, love, survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a good person might have. When the goal is to help others as well as oneself, we call that idealism.
My work on free software is motivated by an idealistic goal: spreading freedom and cooperation. I want to encourage free software to spread, replacing proprietary software that forbids cooperation, and thus make our society better.

“Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and goals.”

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Richard Stallman

1990s, Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism (1998)
Kontext: Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and goals. People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit, love, survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a good person might have. When the goal is to help others as well as oneself, we call that idealism.
My work on free software is motivated by an idealistic goal: spreading freedom and cooperation. I want to encourage free software to spread, replacing proprietary software that forbids cooperation, and thus make our society better.

“I have met bright students in computer science who have never seen the source code of a large program. They may be good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it.
In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the software field—you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people in your own company.”

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Richard Stallman

Why Software Should Be Free (1991) http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html <br class="br">1990s

“It is unfortunate that he still has nonfree software in his computer. He needs to defenestrate it (which means, either throw Windows out of the computer or throw the computer out of the window).”

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Richard Stallman

On hearing someone owns a GNU+Linŭ/Windows dual boot machine, quoted in &quot;Richard Stallman’s Opinion On Dual Booting – “Defenestrate It”&quot; in digitizor (31 May 2011) http://digitizor.com/2011/05/31/richard-stallmans-opinion-on-dual-booting-defenestrate-it/ <br class="br">2010s

“To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the G in the word GNU when it is the name of this project.”

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Richard Stallman

1980s, GNU Manifesto (1985)

“Dutch pedophiles have formed a political party to campaign for legalization.
I am skeptical of the claim that voluntarily pedophilia harms children. The arguments that it causes harm seem to be based on cases which aren't voluntary, which are then stretched by parents who are horrified by the idea that their little baby is maturing.”

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Richard Stallman

&quot;Dutch paedophiles form political party&quot; (5 June 2006) https://www.stallman.org/archives/2006-may-aug.html#05%20June%202006%20%28Dutch%20paedophiles%20form%20political%20party%29 <br class="br">2000s

“I figure that since proprietary software developers use copyright to stop us from sharing, we cooperators can use copyright to give other cooperators an advantage of their own: they can use our code.”

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Richard Stallman

1990s, Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism (1998)

“When I released GNU Emacs and people started using it, they started sending me improvements in the mail. So I would get a message with a bug fix, and a message with a new feature, and another bug fix, and another new feature, and another… and another… until they were pouring in on me so fast that just taking advantage of all of the help people were giving me was a big job. Microsoft doesn't have this problem.”

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Richard Stallman

"The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System", address at LinuxTag (July 2000)
2000s

“I have not seen anyone assume that all the citizens of New York are guilty of murder, violence, robbery, perjury, or writing proprietary software.”

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Richard Stallman

My Doom and You (2004) http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/my_doom.html <br class="br">2000s

“The idea of copyright did not exist in ancient times, when authors frequently copied other authors at length in works of non-fiction. This practice was useful, and is the only way many authors' works have survived even in part. The copyright system was created expressly for the purpose of encouraging authorship. In the domain for which it was invented — books, which could be copied economically only on a printing press — it did little harm, and did not obstruct most of the individuals who read the books.”

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Richard Stallman

1980s, GNU Manifesto (1985)

“I don't have a problem with someone using their talents to become successful, I just don't think the highest calling is success. Things like freedom and the expansion of knowledge are beyond success, beyond the personal. Personal success is not wrong, but it is limited in importance, and once you have enough of it it is a shame to keep striving for that, instead of for truth, beauty, or justice.”

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Richard Stallman

&quot;Free Software as a Social Movement&quot; on Znet (18 December 2005) https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/free-software-as-a-social-movement-by-richard-stallman/ <br class="br">2000s

“There is little evidence to justify the widespread assumption that willing participation in pedophilia hurts children.
Granted, children may not dare say no to an older relative, or may not realize they could say no; in that case, even if they do not overtly object, the relationship may still feel imposed to them. That's not willing participation, it's imposed participation, a different issue.”

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Richard Stallman

&quot;Pedophilia&quot; (4 January 2013) http://stallman.org/archives/2012-nov-feb.html#04_January_2013_%28Pedophilia%29 <br class="br">2010s

“The Adobe flash plug-in is non-free software, and people should not install it, or suggest installing it, or even tell people it exists.”

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Richard Stallman

On the OpenBSD mailing list (14 December 2007) http://marc.info/?l=openbsd-misc&amp;m=119762874930534&amp;w=2 <br class="br">2000s

“Sometimes you can justify doing something that hurts other people by saying otherwise something worse is going to happen to me. You know, if you were *really* going to starve, you'd be justified in writing proprietary software.”

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Richard Stallman

2000s, Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation (2001)

“Nobody deserves to have to die — not Jobs, not Mr. Bill, not even people guilty of bigger evils than theirs. But we all deserve the end of Jobs' malign influence on people's computing.”

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Richard Stallman

Richard Stallman&#x27;s dissenting view on Steve Jobs http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-stallman-dissenting-view.html in The Los Angeles Times (8 October 2011) <br class="br">2010s

“Over the years, many companies have contributed to free software development. Some of these companies primarily developed non-free software, but the two activities were separate; thus, we could ignore their non-free products, and work with them on free software projects. Then we could honestly thank them afterward for their free software contributions, without talking about the rest of what they did.
We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't let us. These companies actively invite the public to lump all their activities together; they want us to regard their non-free software as favorably as we would regard a real contribution, although it is not one. They present themselves as "open source companies," hoping that we will get a warm fuzzy feeling about them, and that we will be fuzzy-minded in applying it.
This manipulative practice would be no less harmful if it were done using the term "free software."”

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Richard Stallman

But companies do not seem to use the term "free software" that way; perhaps its association with idealism makes it seem unsuitable. The term "open source" opened the door for this.
1990s, Why "Free Software" is better than "Open Source" (1998)

“You can use any editor you want, but remember that vi vi vi is the text editor of the beast.”

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Richard Stallman

HOPE Speech (2006) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S76pHIYx3ik <br class="br">2000s

“The official definition of "open source software," as published by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition of free software; however, it is a little looser in some respects, and they have accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive of the users.”

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Richard Stallman

1990s, Why "Free Software" is better than "Open Source" (1998)

“It is hard to write a simple definition of something as varied as hacking, but I think what these activities have in common is playfulness, cleverness, and exploration. Thus, hacking means exploring the limits of what is possible, in a spirit of playful cleverness. Activities that display playful cleverness have "hack value."”

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Richard Stallman

On Hacking (2002) http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html <br class="br">2000s

“The programmers who write improvements to GCC (or Emacs, or Bash, or Linŭ, or any GPL-covered program) are often employed by companies or universities. When the programmer wants to return his improvements to the community, and see his code in the next release, the boss may say, "Hold on there — your code belongs to us! We don't want to share it; we have decided to turn your improved version into a proprietary software product."
Here the GNU GPL comes to the rescue. The programmer shows the boss that this proprietary software product would be copyright infringement, and the boss realizes that he has only two choices: release the new code as free software, or not at all. Almost always he lets the programmer do as he intended all along, and the code goes into the next release.”

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Richard Stallman

1990s, Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism (1998)

“Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of it is destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the ways that the program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth that humanity derives from the program. When there is a deliberate choice to restrict, the harmful consequences are deliberate destruction.
The reason a good citizen does not use such destructive means to become wealthier is that, if everyone did so, we would all become poorer from the mutual destructiveness. This is Kantian ethics; or, the Golden Rule. Since I do not like the consequences that result if everyone hoards information, I am required to consider it wrong for one to do so. Specifically, the desire to be rewarded for one's creativity does not justify depriving the world in general of all or part of that creativity.”

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Richard Stallman

1980s, GNU Manifesto (1985)

“It is funny, but I’m disappointed that it accentuates the shallow.”

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Richard Stallman

Remarks on &quot;Kernel mentor&quot;, an Everybody loves Eric Raymond internet cartoon (17 May 2005) http://geekz.co.uk/lovesraymond/archive/kernel-mentor in which he is depicted stating &quot;GNU&#x27;s not understood by everyone, Linus.&quot; <br class="br">2000s

“Why is it bad to use an unauthorized copy of a proprietary program? Because it’s proprietary! So an unauthorized copy is almost as nasty as an authorized copy of the same program. They are both nasty because they are proprietary. The users don’t have control over them. If they pay developer – that makes it worse, because they are rewarding this delinquency. That’s why the authorized copy is worse. But they are both bad because they are both proprietary software. If you want freedom, you have to get rid of them both, because they both control you.”

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Richard Stallman

&quot;Richard Stallman: Facebook IS Mass Surveillance&quot;, RT (2 December 2011) http://rt.com/news/richard-stallman-free-software-875/ <br class="br">2010s

“While corporations dominate society and write the laws, each advance in technology is an opening for them to further restrict its users.”

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Richard Stallman

Stallman&#x27;s Law (2012) https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/stallmans-law.html <br class="br">2010s <br class="br">Variante: While corporations dominate society and write the laws, each advance or change in technology is an opening for them to further restrict or mistreat its users.

“GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone who can use it.
[this document has a footnote mentioning that the word "free" was not used as carefully in this 1985 Manifesto as it should have been]”

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Richard Stallman

1980s, GNU Manifesto (1985)

“Dubya has nominated another caveman for a federal appeals court. Refreshingly, the Democratic Party is organizing opposition.
The nominee is quoted as saying that if the choice of a sexual partner were protected by the Constitution, "prostitution, adultery, necrophilia, bestiality, possession of child pornography, and even incest and pedophilia" also would be. He is probably mistaken, legally — but that is unfortunate. All of these acts should be legal as long as no one is coerced. They are illegal only because of prejudice and narrowmindedness.
Some rules might be called for when these acts directly affect other people's interests. For incest, contraception could be mandatory to avoid risk of inbreeding. For prostitution, a license should be required to ensure prostitutes get regular medical check-ups, and they should have training and support in insisting on use of condoms. This will be an advance in public health, compared with the situation today.
For necrophilia, it might be necessary to ask the next of kin for permission if the decedent's will did not authorize it. Necrophilia would be my second choice for what should be done with my corpse, the first being scientific or medical use. Once my dead body is no longer of any use to me, it may as well be of some use to someone. Besides, I often enjoy rhinophytonecrophilia”

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Richard Stallman

nasal sex with dead plants <br class="br"> Stallman archives (28 June 2003) https://stallman.org/archives/2003-may-aug.html <br class="br">2000s

“If you focus your mind on the freedom and community that you can build by staying firm, you will find the strength to do it. "Stand for something, or you will fall for nothing."
And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community… if "hard nosed realists" say that profit is the only ideal… just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.”

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Richard Stallman

1990s, Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism (1998)

“People could no longer learn hacking the way I did, by starting to work on a real operating system, making real improvements. In fact, in the 1980s I often came across newly graduated computer science majors who had never seen a real program in their lives. They had only seen toy exercises, school exercises, because every real program was a trade secret. They never had the experience of writing features for users to really use, and fixing the bugs that real users came across. The things you need to know to do real work.”

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Richard Stallman

"MEME 2.04", an interview with David S. Bennahum (1996)
1990s

“The most powerful programming language is Lisp. If you don't know Lisp (or its variant, Scheme), you don't know what it means for a programming language to be powerful and elegant. Once you learn Lisp, you will understand what is lacking in most other languages.
When you start a Lisp system, it enters a read-eval-print loop. Most other languages have nothing comparable to read, nothing comparable to eval, and nothing comparable to print. What gaping deficiencies!”

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Richard Stallman

How I do my computing (2006)
2000s

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