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“When, through radiation or other causes, chromosomes are broken within a single nucleus, 2-by-2 fusions may occur between the broken ends. These fusions may lead to rearrangements of parts of the chromatin complement, giving rise to various chromosomal aberrations which are detected as reciprocal translocations, inversions, deficiencies, etc. Since, in the well-investigated cases, the breakages occurred within a single nucleus, the conditions that lead to fusions of broken ends could not easily be ascertained.”

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Barbara McClintock The Fusion of Broken Ends of Chromosomes Following Nuclear Fusion

[Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, November 1942, 28, 11, 458–463, 10.1073/pnas.28.11.458, The Fusion of Broken Ends of Chromosomes Following Nuclear Fusion, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1078518/?page=1]

“If chromosomes are broken by various means, the broken ends appear to be adhesive and tend to fuse with one another 2-by-2. This has been abundantly illustrated in the studies of chromosomal aberrations induced by X-ray treatment. It also occurs after mechanical rupture of ring-shaped chromosomes during somatic mitoses in maize and is assumed to occur during the normal process of crossing-over.”

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Barbara McClintock

[The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays, Genetics, 26, 2, March 1941, 234–282, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1209127/]