Henry Steele Commager Zitate

Henry Steele Commager war ein US-amerikanischer Historiker.

Commager studierte an der University of Chicago mit der Promotion 1930. Zu seinen Lehrern dort zählten der Experte für Kolonialgeschichte, Marcus W. Jernegan, und der Spezialist für Verfassungsgeschichte der USA, Andrew C. McLaughlin. Ab 1930 lehrte er an der New York University, ab 1936 an der Columbia University und danach bis zu seiner Emeritierung 1992 am Amherst College.

In The American Mind schildert er die Entwicklung des Liberalismus in den USA von den 1880er Jahren bis in die 1940er Jahre. Auch politisch war er Liberaler: er unterstützte in den 1930er Jahren den New Deal von Franklin D. Roosevelt, war ein Gegner von McCarthy in den 1950ern, unterstützte Adlai Stevenson und John F. Kennedy, setzte sich für die Bürgerrechtsbewegung ein und war später Kritiker des Vietnamkriegs und von Richard Nixon und Ronald Reagan.

Er schrieb einige in den USA verbreitete Geschichtslehrbücher mit Samuel Eliot Morison und seinem Kollegen an der Columbia University Allan Nevins. Weitere Bücher waren Geistesgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts in den USA gewidmet und er schrieb eine Biographie von Theodore Parker.

Er war Herausgeber der Sammlung Documents of American History, zuerst 1938 und in zehnter Auflage 1988.

✵ 25. Oktober 1902 – 2. März 1998
Henry Steele Commager: 27   Zitate 0   Gefällt mir

Henry Steele Commager: Zitate auf Englisch

“What is the new loyalty? It is, above all, conformity.”

Who is Loyal to America? (1947)
Kontext: What is the new loyalty? It is, above all, conformity. It is the uncritical and unquestioning acceptance of America as it is — the political institutions, the social relationships, the economic practices. It rejects inquiry into the race question or socialized medicine, or public housing, or into the wisdom or validity of our foreign policy. It regards as particularly heinous any challenge to what is called "the system of private enterprise," identifying that system with Americanism. It abandons evolution, repudiates the once popular concept of progress, and regards America as a finished product, perfect and complete.

“The fact is that censorship always defeats its own purpose”

Quelle: Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent (1954), p. 82, p. 88
Kontext: The fact is that censorship always defeats its own purpose, for it creates, in the end, the kind of society that is incapable of exercising real discretion,… In the long run it will create a generation incapable of appreciating the difference between independence of thought and subservience.

“With the Sedition and Espionage Acts … the "red hysteria" of the Twenties, the Alien Registration Act of 1940, the loyalty tests and purges of the mid-Forties, the establishment of un-American Activities Committees, intolerance received, as it were, the stamp of official approval.”

The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880s (1950)
Kontext: With the Sedition and Espionage Acts … the "red hysteria" of the Twenties, the Alien Registration Act of 1940, the loyalty tests and purges of the mid-Forties, the establishment of un-American Activities Committees, intolerance received, as it were, the stamp of official approval. Loyalty was identified with conformity, and the American genius, which had been experimental and even rebellious, was required to conform to a pattern.

“Independence was an act of revolution; republicanism was something new under the sun; the federal system was a vast experimental laboratory.”

Who is Loyal to America? (1947)
Kontext: Independence was an act of revolution; republicanism was something new under the sun; the federal system was a vast experimental laboratory. Physically Americans were pioneers; in the realm of social and economic institutions, too, their tradition has been one of pioneering. From the beginning, intellectual and spiritual diversity have been as characteristic of America as racial and linguistic. The most distinctively American philosophies have been transcendentalism — which is the philosophy of the Higher Law and pragmatism — which is the philosophy of experimentation and pluralism. These two principles are the very core of Americanism: the principle of the Higher Law, or of obedience to the dictates of conscience rather than of statutes, and the principle of pragmatism, or the rejection of a single good and of the notion of a finished universe. From the beginning Americans have known that there were new worlds to conquer, new truths to be discovered. Every effort to confine Americanism to a single pattern, to constrain it to a single formula, is disloyalty to everything that is valid in Americanism.

“It discourages the discussion of controversial matters in the classroom, for such discussion may be reported, or misreported, and cause trouble”

Quelle: Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent (1954), p. 88
Kontext: The search for subversives results in the intimidation of the independent, the original, the imaginative, and the experimental-minded… It discourages the discussion of controversial matters in the classroom, for such discussion may be reported, or misreported, and cause trouble.

“From the beginning, intellectual and spiritual diversity have been as characteristic of America as racial and linguistic.”

Who is Loyal to America? (1947)
Kontext: Independence was an act of revolution; republicanism was something new under the sun; the federal system was a vast experimental laboratory. Physically Americans were pioneers; in the realm of social and economic institutions, too, their tradition has been one of pioneering. From the beginning, intellectual and spiritual diversity have been as characteristic of America as racial and linguistic. The most distinctively American philosophies have been transcendentalism — which is the philosophy of the Higher Law and pragmatism — which is the philosophy of experimentation and pluralism. These two principles are the very core of Americanism: the principle of the Higher Law, or of obedience to the dictates of conscience rather than of statutes, and the principle of pragmatism, or the rejection of a single good and of the notion of a finished universe. From the beginning Americans have known that there were new worlds to conquer, new truths to be discovered. Every effort to confine Americanism to a single pattern, to constrain it to a single formula, is disloyalty to everything that is valid in Americanism.

“If the preservation of our freedom depends upon the courts then we are, indeed, lost,”

Quelle: Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent (1954), p. 6
Kontext: If the preservation of our freedom depends upon the courts then we are, indeed, lost, for in the long run neither courts nor Constitution can save us from our own errors, follies, or wickedness.

“Who are those who are really disloyal? Those who inflame racial hatreds, who sow religious and class dissensions.”

Who is Loyal to America? (1947)
Kontext: Who are those who are really disloyal? Those who inflame racial hatreds, who sow religious and class dissensions. Those who subvert the Constitution by violating the freedom of the ballot box. Those who make a mockery of majority rule by the use of the filibuster. Those who impair democracy by denying equal educational facilities. Those who frustrate justice by lynch law or by making a farce of jury trials. Those who deny freedom of speech and of the press and of assembly. Those who press for special favors against the interest of the commonwealth. Those who regard public office as a source of private gain. Those who would exalt the military over the civil. Those who for selfish and private purposes stir up national antagonisms and expose the world to the ruin of war.

Ähnliche Autoren

Helen Rowland Foto
Helen Rowland 1
US-amerikanische Journalistin
Kurt Vonnegut Foto
Kurt Vonnegut 4
US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller
Isidor Isaac Rabi Foto
Isidor Isaac Rabi 1
US-amerikanischer Physiker
André Maurois Foto
André Maurois 1
französischer Schriftsteller und Literaturwissenschaftler
Allen Ginsberg Foto
Allen Ginsberg 10
US-amerikanischer Dichter
Truman Capote Foto
Truman Capote 74
US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller
Henry Miller Foto
Henry Miller 11
US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller und Maler
Eleanor Roosevelt Foto
Eleanor Roosevelt 83
US-amerikanische Menschenrechtsaktivistin
Norman Vincent Peale Foto
Norman Vincent Peale 7
US-amerikanischer Pfarrer und Autor
Malcolm X Foto
Malcolm X 78
US-amerikanischer Führer der Bürgerrechtsbewegung