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Milton Friedman war ein US-amerikanischer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, der fundamentale Arbeiten auf den Gebieten der Makroökonomie, der Mikroökonomie, der Wirtschaftsgeschichte und der Statistik verfasste. Er erhielt 1976 den Alfred-Nobel-Gedächtnispreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften für seine Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Analyse des Konsums, der Geschichte und der Theorie des Geldes und für seine Demonstration der Komplexität der Stabilitätspolitik. Friedman wird neben John Maynard Keynes als der einflussreichste Ökonom des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts angesehen.Friedman, der sich selbst als klassischen Liberalen betrachtete, hob besonders die Vorteile eines freien Marktes und die Nachteile staatlicher Eingriffe hervor. Seine Grundhaltung kommt in seinem Bestseller Kapitalismus und Freiheit zum Ausdruck. Darin forderte er die Minimierung der Rolle des Staates, um politische und gesellschaftliche Freiheit zu fördern. In seiner Fernsehserie Free to Choose, die PBS im Jahre 1980 sendete, erklärte Friedman die Funktionsweisen des freien Marktes und unterstrich besonders, dass andere wirtschaftliche Systeme die sozialen und politischen Probleme einer Gesellschaft nicht adäquat lösen könnten.Friedman war Professor an der University of Chicago. Er war Schüler von Frank Knight. Der Rechtswissenschaftler David D. Friedman ist sein Sohn, Patri Friedman sein Enkel. Wikipedia  

✵ 31. Juli 1912 – 16. November 2006
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Milton Friedman Berühmte Zitate

„Die soziale Verantwortung der Wirtschaft ist es ihre Profite zu vergrößern.“

Milton Friedman

The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970
Original engl.: "The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits."

„Wir haben ein System, das zunehmend Arbeit besteuert und Erwerbslosigkeit bezuschusst.“

Milton Friedman

U.S. News and World Report, 7. März 1977
Original engl.: "We have a system that increasingly taxes work and subsidizes nonwork." - p.21 books.google https://books.google.de/books?id=LkQvAAAAYAAJ&q=nonwork

„Ich bin nicht wirtschaftsfreundlich, ich bin für freie Marktwirtschaft, was etwas ganz anderes ist.“

Milton Friedman

PBS Free to Those - The Tyranny of Control
Original engl.: "I'm not pro business, I am pro free enterprise, which is a very different thing."

„Mit einigen rühmlichen Ausnahmen, sind Geschäftsleute für die freie Marktwirtschaft im allgemeinen, aber dagegen wenn es um sie selbst geht.“

Milton Friedman

Lecture "The Suicidal Impulse of the Business Community" (1983); cited in Filters Against Folly (1985) by Garrett Hardin ISBN 067080410X
Original engl.: "With some notable exceptions, businessmen favor free enterprise in general but are opposed to it when it comes to themselves."

„Niemand gibt das Geld anderer Leute so sorgsam aus wie das eigene. Niemand geht mit den Ressourcen anderer so sorgsam um wie mit den eigenen. Wer also Effektivität und Effizienz möchte, wer sorgsame Verwendung gewährleisten will, der muss dies mittels Privateigentum tun.“

Milton Friedman

Rede zur Eröffnung des Cato-Institutes http://www.cato.org/speeches/sp-mf050693.html, 6. Mai 1993
Original engl.: "Nobody spends somebody else's money as carefully as he spends his own. Nobody uses somebody else's resources as carefully as he uses his own. So if you want efficiency and effectiveness, if you want knowledge to be properly utilized, you have to do it through the means of private property."

„Verfolger und Verfolgte im Drogenkrieg haben in gewisser Weise ein gemeinsames Interesse. Den Verfolgten, den Drogenlieferanten und Vertreibern der Drogen sichert die Prohibition ein gutes Auskommen. Das gilt auch für die Verfolger. Ihre Etats werden laufend aufgestockt, die Gehälter erhöht, Ruhm und gute Karrieren sind ihnen sicher.“

Milton Friedman

:(Interview Der Spiegel,30.03.1992 http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13682584.html)

Milton Friedman: Zitate auf Englisch

“The average income of blacks here is far higher than the average income of all the people in the Soviet Union. The official government definition of the poverty line in the U. S. is higher than the average income in the Soviet Union; it’s higher than the income received by 90 percent of the people on the world’s surface. Now, that doesn’t mean blacks aren’t subject to injustice; of course they are.”

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Milton Friedman

“Interview with Milton Friedman”, Playboy magazine (Feb. 1973)

“Even the most ardent environmentalist doesn’t really want to stop pollution. If he thinks about it and doesn’t just talk about it, he wants to have the right amount of pollution. We can’t really afford to eliminate it—not without abandoning all the benefits of technology that we not only enjoy but on which we depend. So the answer is to allow only pollution that’s worth what it costs, and not any pollution that isn’t worth what it costs.”

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Milton Friedman

“Interview with Milton Friedman”, Playboy magazine (Feb. 1973)

“The essence of the problem is that once we begin to allow exceptions for special interests, we move from a system of private arrangements to a political system where everyone’s freedom is limited and government becomes a matter of trying to balance those interests. Nobody really wins under these terms.”

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Milton Friedman

“Interview with Milton Friedman”, Playboy magazine (Feb. 1973)

“We want the kind of world in which greedy people can do the least harm to their fellow men. That’s the kind of world in which power is widely dispersed and each of us has as many alternatives as possible.”

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Milton Friedman

“Interview with Milton Friedman”, Playboy magazine (Feb. 1973)

“What kind of society isn’t structured on greed?… So the problem of social organization is how to set up an arrangement under which greed will do the least harm. It seems to me that the great virtue of capitalism is that it’s that kind of system. Because under capitalism, the power of any one individual over his fellow man is relatively small.”

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Milton Friedman

“Interview with Milton Friedman”, Playboy magazine (Feb. 1973)

“The draft is inequitable because irrelevant considerations play so large a role in determining who serves. It is wasteful because deferment of students, fathers, and married men jams colleges, raises the birth rate, and fuels divorce court. It is inconsistent with a free society because it exacts compulsory service from some and limits the freedom of others to travel abroad, emigrate, or even to talk and act freely. So long as compulsion is retained, these defects are inevitable.”

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Milton Friedman

Quelle: An Economist's Protest: Columns in Political Economy (1966), p. 189 (1975 edition)

“The old saw is that the Quakers went to the New World to do good and ended up doing well. Today, well-meaning reformers go to Washington to do good and end up doing harm.”

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Milton Friedman

Quelle: An Economist's Protest: Columns in Political Economy (1966), p. 155

“A military draft is undesirable and unnecessary. We can and should man our armed forces with volunteers—as the United States has traditionally done except in major wars.”

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Milton Friedman

Quelle: An Economist's Protest: Columns in Political Economy (1966), p. 121

“Those of us who believe in freedom must believe also in the freedom of individuals to make their own mistakes. If a man knowingly prefers to live for today, to use his resources for current enjoyment, deliberately choosing a penurious old age, by what right do we prevent him from doing so? We may argue with him, seek to persuade him that he is wrong, but are we entitled to use coercion to prevent him from doing what he chooses to do? Is there not always the possibility that he is right and that we are wrong? Humility is the distinguishing virtue of the believer in freedom; arrogance, of the paternalist.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Quelle: Capitalism and Freedom (1962), Ch. 11, Social Welfare Measures, p. 187

“Few trends could so thoroughly undermine the very foundations of our free society as the acceptance by corporate officials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible. This is a fundamentally subversive doctrine. If businessmen do have a social responsibility other than making maximum profits for stockholders, how are they to know what it is? Can self-selected private individuals decide what the social interest is? Can they decide how great a burden they are justified in placing on themselves or their stockholders to serve that social interest?”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Quelle: Capitalism and Freedom (1962), Ch. 8 Monopoly and the Social Responsibility of Business and Labor, p. 133

“Exchange is truly voluntary only when nearly equivalent alternatives exist. Monopoly implies the absence of alternatives and thereby inhibits effective freedom of exchange.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Quelle: Capitalism and Freedom (1962), Ch. 2, The Role of Government in a Free Society, p. 28

“Political freedom means the absence of coercion of a man by his fellow men. The fundamental threat to freedom is power to coerce, be it in the hands of a monarch, a dictator, an oligarchy, or a momentary majority. The preservation of freedom requires the elimination of such concentration of power to the fullest possible extent and the dispersal and distribution of whatever power cannot be eliminated — a system of checks and balances.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Quelle: Capitalism and Freedom (1962), Ch. 1 The Relation Between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom, p. 15

“The nineteenth-century liberal regarded an extension of freedom as the most effective way to promote welfare and equality; the twentieth-century liberal regards welfare and equality as either prerequisites of or alternatives to freedom.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Introduction, p. 5
Capitalism and Freedom (1962)

“As it developed in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the intellectual movement that went under the name of liberalism emphasized freedom as the ultimate goal and the individual as the ultimate entity in the society. It supported laissez faire at home as a means of reducing the role of the state in economic affairs and thereby enlarging the role of the individual; it supported free trade abroad as a means of linking the nations of the world together peacefully and democratically. In political matters, it supported the development of representative government and of parliamentary institutions, reduction in the arbitrary power of the state, and protection of the civil freedoms of individuals.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Introduction, p. 5
Capitalism and Freedom (1962)

“By relying primarily on voluntary co-operation and private enterprise, in both economic and other activities, we can insure that the private sector is a check on the powers of the governmental sector and an effective protection of freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Introduction, p. 3
Capitalism and Freedom (1962)

“The power to do good is also the power to do harm; those who control the power today may not tomorrow; and, more important, what one man regards as good, another may regard as harm.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Introduction, p. 3
Capitalism and Freedom (1962)

“The preservation of freedom is the protective reason for limiting and decentralizing governmental power. But there is also a constructive reason. The great advances of civilization, whether in architecture or painting, in science or literature, in industry or agriculture, have never come from centralized government. … Government can never duplicate the variety and diversity of individual action.”

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Milton Friedman buch Capitalism and Freedom

Introduction, pp. 2-3
Capitalism and Freedom (1962)

“The Chilean economy did very well, but more important, in the end the central government, the military junta, was replaced by a democratic society. So the really important thing about the Chilean business is that free markets did work their way in bringing about a free society.”

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Milton Friedman

“Commanding Heights, Interview on PBS” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_miltonfriedman.html, (Oct. 1, 2000)

“The only way that has ever been discovered to have a lot of people cooperate together voluntarily is through the free market. And that’s why it’s so essential to preserving individual freedom.”

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Milton Friedman

PBS “Interview: On freedom and free markets” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_miltonfriedman.html Commanding Heights series (Oct. 1, 2000)

“Thank heaven that we don’t get all of the government that we are made to pay for.”

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Milton Friedman

Quoted in the House of Lords, (Nov. 24, 1994), also in Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotes, Third Edition, Elizabeth Knowles, edit., Oxford University Press (2007) p. 124

“After the fall of communism, everybody in the world agreed that socialism was a failure. Everybody in the world, more or less, agreed that capitalism was a success. And every capitalist country in the world apparently deduced from that what the West needed was more socialism.”

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman: The Rise of Socialism is Absurd and There’s No Such Thing as a Free Lunch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKhfR8WC4Eo, Grand opening speech at Cato Institutes’ headquarters in Washington, D.C. (May 1993)

“The most unresolved problem of the day is precisely the problem that concerned the founders of this nation: how to limit the scope and power of government. Tyranny, restrictions on human freedom, come primarily from governmental restrictions that we ourselves have set up.”

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Milton Friedman

” “Interview with Milton Friedman” https://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications/the-region/interview-with-milton-friedman, David Levy, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (June 1, 1992)

“You can only aim at equality by giving some people the right to take things from others. And what ultimately happens when you aim for equality is that A and B decide what C should do for D, except that they take a bit of commission off on the way.”

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Milton Friedman

“Milton Friedman vs Free Lunch Advocate” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Qe7fLL25AQ (1980s)

“In my opinion, a society that aims for equality before liberty will end up with neither equality nor liberty. A society that aims first for liberty will not end up with equality, but it will end up with a closer approach to equality than any other kind of system that has ever been developed.”

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Milton Friedman

“Milton Friedman vs Free Lunch Advocate” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Qe7fLL25AQ (1980s)

“If you look at every program that the government has adopted in the direction of extending its scope, it took an enormous propaganda campaign by special propaganda groups to get those measures passed. There was no underlining public demand for those measures. On the contrary, the demand had to be created, it had to be developed, it had to be produced. And it was created, it was developed, it was produced, by people… who sincerely wanted to see an expansion in the scope of government.”

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Milton Friedman

“The Social Security Myth” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCdgv7n9xCY&t=124s (1980s)

“Will we read next that government control of prices has created a shortage of sand in the Sahara?”

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Milton Friedman

“Things That Ain’t So by Milton Friedman”, Newsweek (March 10, 1980) p. 79

“That is a widespread myth, that it is possible to spend money with nobody paying for it. You have everybody screaming that we ought to have new, bigger, more generous government programs. Where are we going to raise the money? Tax business. But business corporations can’t pay any taxes. A corporate executive may sign the check, but where does he get the money? From his stockholders or from his customers or from his employees. Unlike the federal government, he doesn’t have a printing press in his basement. So the only way he can pay money to the government is imposing a burden on somebody. Government cannot spend money at nobody’s expense.”

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Milton Friedman

“Economic Myths and Public Opinion” https://miltonfriedman.hoover.org/friedman_images/Collections/2016c21/AmSpectator_01_1976.pdf, The Alternative: An American Spectator, vol. 9, no. 4, (January 1976) pp. 5-9

“This leads to my next myth—the myth that government can spend money at nobody’s expense. What was really involved in that last story was that somehow the local people do not pay out the money coming down from Washington somebody else does. Of course, the truth is that the money makes a round trip between Florida and Washington, and there is a discount taken off for cash as it passes through Washington. Some of you may remember that wonderful description of government by the French economist, Frederic Bastiat, who said that government is that fiction whereby everybody believes that he can live at the expense of everybody else.”

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Milton Friedman

“Economic Myths and Public Opinion” https://miltonfriedman.hoover.org/friedman_images/Collections/2016c21/AmSpectator_01_1976.pdf, The Alternative: An American Spectator, vol. 9, no. 4, (January 1976) pp. 5-9

“The elementary truth is that the Great Depression was produced by government mismanagement. It was not produced by the failure of private enterprise, it was produced by the failure of government to perform a function which had been assigned to it.”

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Milton Friedman

" Economic Myths and Public Opinion https://miltonfriedman.hoover.org/friedman_images/Collections/2016c21/AmSpectator_01_1976.pdf” The Alternative: An American Spectator vol. 9, no. 4, (January 1976) pp. 5-9, Reprinted in Bright Promises, Dismal Performance: An Economist’s Protest, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1983) pp. 60-75

“I have been impressed time and again by the schizophrenic character of many businessmen. They are capable of being extremely far‐sighted and clear‐headed in matters that are internal to their businesses. They are incredibly short sighted and muddle‐headed in mat ters [sic!] that are outside their businesses but affect the possible survival of business in general. This short sightedness is strikingly exemplified in the calls from many businessmen for wage and price guidelines or controls or incomes policies. There is nothing that could do more in a brief period to destroy a market system and replace it by a centrally controlled system than effective governmental control of prices and wages. The short‐sightedness is also exemplified in speeches by business men on social responsibility. This may gain them kudos in the short run. But it helps to strengthen the already too prevalent view that the ptirsuit [sic!] of profits is wicked and im moral [sic!] and must be curbed and controlled by external forces. Once this view is adopted, the external forces that curb the market will not be the social consciences, however highly developed, of the pontificating executives; it will be the iron fist of Government bureaucrats. Here, as with price and wage controls, business men seem to me to reveal a suicidal impulse.”

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Milton Friedman

“A Friedman doctrine‐- The Social Responsibility Of Business Is to Increase Its Profits” (Sept. 1970)

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