Stephen Wolfram Zitate

Stephen Wolfram ist ein britischer Physiker, Informatiker und Mathematiker, der für die Konzeption der Software Mathematica und seine Forschung über zelluläre Automaten bekannt ist. Wikipedia  

✵ 29. August 1959
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Stephen Wolfram: Zitate auf Englisch

“Problem 9. What is the correspondence between cellular automata and continuous systems?”

Stephen Wolfram

(originally published in 1985 in Physica Scripta T9: 170–183)
Kontext: Problem 9. What is the correspondence between cellular automata and continuous systems?
Cellular automatat are discrete in several respects. First, they consist of a discrete spatial lattice of sites. Second, they evolve in discrete steps. And finally, each site has only a finite discrete set of possible values.
The first two forms of discreteness are addressed in the numerical analysis of approximate solutions to, say, differential equations....
The third form of discreteness in cellular automata is not so familiar from numerical analysis. It is an extreme form of round-off, in which each "number" can have only a few possible values (rather than the usual 216 or 232).

“Computational reducibility may well be the exception rather than the rule: Most physical questions may be answerable only through irreducible amounts of computation. Those that concern idealized limits of infinite time, volume, or numerical precision can require arbitrarily long computations, and so be formally undecidable.”

Stephen Wolfram

[Undecidability and intractability in theoretical physics, Physical Review Letters, 54, 8, 1985, 735–738, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.735, https://www.stephenwolfram.com/publications/academic/undecidability-intractability-theoretical-physics.pdf]

“Stephen has gone out on a limb. He is proposing a paradigm shift. A new twist on everything.”

Stephen Wolfram

Gregory Chaitin as quoted by Edward Rothstein in [A Man Who Would Shake Up Science; Physicist Says He's Explained The Way Nature Operates, 11 May 2002, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/11/books/man-who-would-shake-up-science-physicist-says-he-s-explained-way-nature-operates.html]

“There’s a tradition of scientists approaching senility to come up with grand, improbable theories. Wolfram is unusual in that he’s doing this in his 40s.”

Stephen Wolfram

Freeman Dyson cited in: " Living a Paradigm Shift: Looking Back on Reactions to A New Kind of Science http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2012/05/living-a-paradigm-shift-looking-back-on-reactions-to-a-new-kind-of-science/," blog.stephenwolfram.com May 11, 2012

“If we describe... heat... the air... it's this temperature, this pressure. That's as much as we can say... People [from the future] will say, "I just can't believe they didn't realize that there was this detail and all these molecules that were bouncing around, and that they could make use of that."”

Stephen Wolfram

...One of the scenarios for the very long term history ...is the heat death of the universe where everything... becomes thermodynamically boring... equilibrium. People say that's a really bad outcome, but actually... it's an outcome where there's all this computation going on... molecules bouncing around in very complicated ways, doing this very elaborate computation. It just happens to be a computation that right now, we haven't found ways to understand... [O]ur brains... and our mathematics and our science... haven't found ways to tell an interesting story about that. It just looks boring to us.
Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)

“If you think about things that happen, as being computations... a computation in the sense that it has definite rules... You follow them many steps and you get some result. ...If you look at all these different computations that can happen, whether... in the natural world... in our brains... in our mathematics, whatever else, the big question is how do these computations compare. ...Are there dumb ...and smart computations, or are they somehow all equivalent? ...[T]he thing that I ...was ...surprised to realize from ...experiments ...in the early 90s, and now we have tons more evidence for ...[is] this ...principle of computational equivalence, which basically says that when one of these computations ...doesn't seem like it's doing something obviously simple, then it has reached this ...equivalent layer of computational sophistication of everything. So what does that mean? ...You might say that ...I'm studying this tiny little program ...and my brain is surely much smarter ...I'm going to be able to systematically outrun [it] because I have a more sophisticated computation ...but ...the principle ...says ...that doesn't work. Our brains are doing computations that are exactly equivalent to the kinds of computations that are being done in all these other sorts of systems. ...It means that we can't systematically outrun these systems. These systems are computationally irreducible in the sense that there's no ...shortcut ...that jumps to the answer.”

Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram: Fundamental Theory of Physics, Life, and the Universe (Sep 15, 2020)

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